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July 24, 2026
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Comparative analysis of the impact of sustainable development practices on the financial performance of private and state-owned Chinese companies

International Journal of Technology. 2026. Vol. 17. No. 3.
Grishunin S., Ismailova E., Suloeva S., Burova E., Kluchareva N., Abramchikova N., Galstyan A.
In press

This study examines the relationship between sustainable development practices, assessed through environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators, and corporate financial performance in Chinese firms. Financial performance is measured by return on assets (ROA) and enterprise value-to-EBITDA multiples. The research also analyses the moderating effect of ownership structure, comparing private enterprises (PEs), central state-owned enterprises (CSOEs), and local state-owned enterprises (LSOEs). This study addresses a critical gap concerning the moderating role of ownership in emerging markets and seeks to reconcile contradictory findings in the context of mixed-ownership economies. Utilizing a dataset of 2,984 Chinese firms from 2018 to 2024, panel regression and 2SLS methods are employed to test hypotheses and address endogeneity. The results indicate that higher overall ESG scores are positively associated with ROA and firm valuation, with effects appearing after a one-year lag. However, the influence of ESG components is heterogeneous: social and governance factors have minimal impact, governance practices negatively affect SOEs due to agency issues, and environmental initiatives reduce ROA for private firms but less so for SOEs. Conversely, environmental performance significantly enhances valuation for CSOEs. ESG effects vary by ownership; private firms show weak or neutral responses, while SOEs’ effects depend on their mandate execution. LSOEs are more sensitive to environmental factors in valuation than CSOEs, reflecting greater investor attention. This study advances understanding of how ownership structure shapes the value derived from ESG practices. Future research should explore industry and geographic variation, non-linear relationships, and conduct comparative studies across emerging economies.

Language: English
Text on another site
Keywords: ChinaFinancial PerformanceESGCentral state-owned enterprisesCorporatesLocal state-owned enterprises
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