Организация налоговой политики монголов в завоеванных землях: проблемы и решения

Исторический вестник. 2026. Т. 56. С. 72–105.

Гатин М. С., Абзалов Л. Ф., Мустакимов И. А., Pochekaev R. Y.

The article is an analysis of specific features of forming the relations between Mongol authorities, local officialdom and people of the conquered countries and regions in the field of taxation. Because of introduction of new taxes not usual for sedentary peoples tax collectors acted without control and collected enormous sums of payments that resulted in devastation and decay of whole regions. Only a years later after numerous complaints of local population Mongol rulers attempted to regulate their taxation policy by the appointment of special officers who had to control the process of tax collection. The article is based on the study of legal monuments and narrative sources (contemporaries’ notes and historical chronicles) with an information on the specific features of taxation system in the Mongol Empire and its uluses during the first decades after the establishing the power of Chinggis Khan’s descendants including China, Jochi Ulus (Golden Horde), Mongol Iran, Chagatay Ulus. The first Russian translation and interdisciplinary analysis of the medieval documents — two yarliks (edicts) on the appointment of tax inspector and editor of the tax registers from the «Dastur al-katib fi ta’yin al-maratib» («A Scribe’s Guide to Determining Degrees»), a treaty written by Muhammad b. Hindushah Nakhchivani, the Persian officer in 1360s, is introduced in the article. Authors find that the introduction of the taxation control in the Chiinggisid states took an effect at first, but because of weakening of the central authorities later abuses of regional administrators and taxation officers resumed.

Keywords: Золотая Орда, Golden Horde, Монгольская империя, Mongol Empire, империя Юань, taxes and duties, Chagatai Ulus, Чагатайский улус, Mongol Iran, монгольский Иран, Yuan Empire, taxation officers, налоговые чиновники, налоги и повинности