Турецкие завоевания в Европе глазами английских хронистов второй половины XV – начала XVI в.

Античная древность и средние века. 2025. Т. 53. С. 355–373.

Рязанов П. А., Loshkareva M. E.

The article examines the reports of the English chronicles about the Ottoman expansion in the second half of the 15th century. Despite the fact that these events took place on the most remote borders of the Western Christian world, English chroniclers considered it necessary to inform their readers about the most important episodes of Christian history – the fall of Constantinople in 1453, which became a tragedy for the whole Christian world, the siege of Belgrade in 1456, the initiatives of Pope Pius II to organize a crusade, the capture of Negropont by the Ottomans in 1470, the appearance of the Ottomans in Apulia and the Battle of Rhodes in 1480. English chronicles tended to focus on the internal political problems of the kingdom, while events related to the Turkish expansion were reflected in the chronicles. The presence of a common enemy and a common goal, attempts to revive the crusading movement (raising funds to organize a crusade against the Turks) could become an important unifying factor. The successes of the Ottomans were seen as a threat and challenge to the entire Catholic world, and the failures as the overall success of all Christianity. The authors conducted a textual analysis of the messages of several English chronicles to establish possible ways of transmitting information. They revealed the influence on them of Foresti’s Supplementum chronicarum, Werner Rolevinck’s Fasciculus temporum and the texts of Pius II.

Keywords: Pius II, Пий II, османы, Constantinople, Ottomans, крестовый поход, Константинополь, English chronicles, crusade, William Caxton, английские хроники, Уильям Кэкстон, Giacomo Filippo Foresti, Werner Rolevinck, Джакомо Форести, Вернер Ролевинк