Ученый-боец: Чан Найчжоу и его книга о боевом искусстве

Проблемы Дальнего Востока. 2024. № 4. С. 154–168.

Maliavin V.

The article explores the theoretical foundations, practical techniques and social context of the

martial art school created in the late 18th century by Chang Naizhou, a native of Henan рrov. An

educated man, Chang left a detailed description of the principles and methods of his school. The

legacy of Chang Naizhou and the emergence of a large number of enthusiasts of martial arts

among the educated elite of society indicates the formation in Qing China a new synthesis of elite

and popular culture, which combined the traditions of Confucianism, Taoist and Buddhist self-

cultivation and the folklore motifs. A stratum of professional fighters emerged, closely integrated

both with the local society and its paramilitary formations (self-defense units, sworn brother-

hoods, associations of participants in temple festivals, schools of martial arts, etc.) and the ruling

elite of the empire and its military administration.

At the heart of Chang Naizhou's method is the concept of configurations of force (shi 势), which

are created by the action of the vital energy of the organism (so-called qi 气) and in turn

strengthen and direct this action. The primary substrate of this energy is the so-called "centered

qi", which in the spiritual-somatic practice of martial arts generates a great variety of properties

and qualities of life experience and makes possible the unity of consciousness and physical body.

The force in this case is the result of an interaction of the polar elements of Being. Chang Naizhou

introduces many original concepts and techniques of martial art, but his outlook is determined by

the common arsenal of Chinese tradition. Thus, his school reflected the nature of the whole Chi-

nese civilization: the diversity of forms rooted in a comprehensive structural unity.

Keywords: боевые искусства, spiritual-somatic practice, духовно-соматическая практика, martial arts, immanent force of life, vital integrity, имманентная жизненная энергия, жизненная целостность