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Обращение к истории как метод исламской реформации: Марджани, Рашид Рида и Ибн Халдун
The paper looks at the perception of history in the discourse of two modern Islamic reformers - Shihab ad-Din Mardjani and Muhammad Rashid Rida - through an analysis of how both authors used the ideas and texts of the first Muslim history theorist Ibn Khaldun. The author concludes that the historical argument is deeply rooted in Islamic thought as a self-renewing tradition (tadjdid), which in different periods of time refreshes an authentic Islamic spirit liberating it from “illegal innovations” (bid’a) and thus preserving its purity. The appeal to rational and critical historical knowledge enabled reformers to deconstruct a history of Muslims and revise historical memory, which is similar to the revision of Islamic law through idjtihad. The logic of the historical argument provided Muslim authors with a general conceptual base and a common language for discussions with European Orientalists. Islamic modernists defended historical subjectivity of Islam and its progressive role in the history of human civilization...