Working paper
End of Publication? Open access and a new scholarly communication technology
The current details of publishing in the scientific and technological field are analyzed. Attention is paid to the reinforcement of the information noise that accompanies administrative approaches to the improvement of the citation index. The roles and functions of publishers that deal with scientific_journal lit_ erature are investigated. The need for a strict ranking of scientific publications based on their scientific value established through high_quality peer review, as well as the difficulties in the organization of peer_review work, are highlighted. The possibility of organizing a centralized peer review of scholarly journal publications on the basis of peer_review centers is presented and discussed. It is assumed that this will help to eliminate one of the major barriers to open access to scientific articles.
Specific features of scientific publishing in a digital society are analyzed. The concept of the e-book is described. The role and functions of publishing houses focused on the publication of scientific literature are reviewed. The differences between the use of copyrights for scientific literature and all other types of publications are specified. In those cases where the government contributes to the funding of scientific literature through research foundations, it is proposed to limit the role of publishing houses to technical functions related to layout design and thus ensure the subsequent inclusion of scientific publications in open free access. The possibility of expanding the list of scientific literature items that can be supported publicly is justified. The need to legally support the digitalization of scientific literature published in the Soviet Union and its subsequent inclusion into open access is discussed.
The development of recent research information systems allows a transformation of citations in the full text of research papers into interactive elements. Such interactivity in some cases works as an instrument of direct scholarly communications between citing and cited authors. We discuss this challenge for research e-infrastructure development including opportunities for improvements in research cooperation and in collaboration mechanisms for the global research community.
The development of recent research information systems allows a transformation of citations in the full text of research papers into interactive elements. Such interactivity in some cases works as an instrument of direct scholarly communications between citing and cited authors. We discuss this challenge for research e-infrastructure development including opportunities for improvements in research cooperation and in collaboration mechanisms for the global research community.
The study of post-World War II historical periodicals in the historiography of Soviet science was devoted par excellence to certain journals. These were studied in the context of contestations between politics and bureaucrats, on the one hand, and scholars, on the other. This article will consider the whole system of periodicals in the field, focusing on its substantial transformations in the 1950s–1960s in the context of the evolution of both academic institutions and the publishing industry. The description of the changes in the corpus of journals and its functioning, the transformation of the evaluation system, the emergence of new communication strategies, and forms of representation of historical knowledge are based on an analysis not only of journals themselves, but also on archival documents and relevant statistical data.
University Geralds (Vestniki) are the most rapidly growing segment of the academic periodicals in contemporary Russia. However, their academic quality has repeatedly been questioned. The aim of the article is to describe the ways of the representation of academic community and organization of a publication flow, as well as to analyze the functioning of these periodicals in the context of post-Soviet university culture.
This study proposes the interventionist and the detached orientations to watchdog journalism through the conceptual lens of journalistic role performance. Based on a content analysis of 33,640 news stories from sixty-four media outlets in eighteen countries, we measure and compare both orientations across different countries using three performative aspects of monitoring: intensity of scrutiny, voice of the scrutiny, and source of the event. Our findings show that the interventionist approach of watchdog journalism is more likely to be found in democracies with traditionally partisan and opinion-oriented journalistic cultures or experiencing sociopolitical crises. In turn, the detached orientation predominates in democracies with journalistic traditions associated to objectivity. Although both orientations have a lower presence in transitional democracies, the detached watchdog prevails, while in non-democratic countries the watchdog role is almost absent. Our results also reveal that structural contexts of undemocratic political regimes and restricted press freedom are key definers of watchdog role performance overall. However, the type of political regime is actually more important—and in fact the most important predictor—for detached than for interventionist reporting.
This paper is devoted to the issue of so–called ‘trophy films’ in the context of Soviet foreign policy. The aim of this research is to reveal how the cultural competition between the USSR and the USA during the early Cold War caused the emergence of the famous credit title «This film was captured as a trophy after the Soviet Army defeated Nazi troops near Berlin in 1945», and, as a consequence, resulted in the establishing of ‘Trophy Film’ concept in public discourse.
The author teaches to awaken creativity in oneself, using emotions as a factor of motivation, explains the concept of critical thinking, gives the reader tools to add / edit publications to increase the clarity and rationality of their own judgments, and also shows where a particular theory is applicable
This paper analyzes one of the most apparent characteristics of modern global media, namely an increased share of media content highlighting various entertainments: sporting events, royal weddings, rescue actions, beauty contests and the like. The audience for such shows amounts to billions of viewers actively involved in what they see on the screen. Another characteristic of our time is that the social and media space has been flooded with games of all kinds. The scale of these processes gets one thinking about the causes of these events, the possible scenarios for development and the models of attitude to them. Drawing on the theoretical analysis of the existing approaches, the author presents his own concept of carnival culture, examines the characteristics of the carnivalization of reality in an era of globalization and mediatization. The paper concludes that the growing transformation of modern society generates in people increasing existential anxiety about their place in the changing world. A lack of answers to basic questions leads to an urge to lose oneself in a mass ecstatic experience. The author predicts that the further information and technological development of mankind will be accompanied by mass unemployment and, subsequently, an increase of free time in citizens living on social security. It might be reasonably suggested that they will focus on playing games. These games are likely to model the world of bright life, rich in sex and aggression, wherein people will find an opportunity to destroy robots and monsters and to assume any carnival shape without being responsible for their actions, especially when hidden behind a masquerade mask.
The manual is intended for students of Department of computer engineering MIEM HSE. In the textbook based on the courses "Economics of firm" and "the development strategy of the organization." Discusses the key conceptual and methodological issues of the theory and practice of Economics and development planning of the organization. The use of textbooks will enable students: to analyze key performance indicators, and use the tools of strategic analysis with reference to concrete situations in contemporary Russian and international business. Special attention is paid to the methods and systems of information support of the life support functions of business organizations and management methodology of innovation and investment. An Appendix contains source data for analysis of competition in a particular industry.
The paper provides a number of proposed draft operational guidelines for technology measurement and includes a number of tentative technology definitions to be used for statistical purposes, principles for identification and classification of potentially growing technology areas, suggestions on the survey strategies and indicators. These are the key components of an internationally harmonized framework for collecting and interpreting technology data that would need to be further developed through a broader consultation process. A summary of definitions of technology already available in OECD manuals and the stocktaking results are provided in the Annex section.
Over the last two decades national policy makers drew special attention to the implementation of policy tools which foster international cooperation in the fields of science, technology, and innovation. In this paper, we look at cases of Russian-German collaboration to examine the initiatives of the Russian government aimed at stimulating the innovation activity of domestic corporations and small and medium enterprises. The data derived from the interviews with companies’ leaders show positive effects of bilateral innovative projects on the overall business performance alongside with major barriers hindering international cooperation. To overcome these barriers we provide specific suggestions relevant to the recently developed Russian Innovation Strategy 2020.