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“WATER LAW” AS AN INSTRUMENT OF RUSSIAN IMPERIAL POLICY IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN KHANATES
Высшая школа экономики
,
2017.
No. WP BRP 73/LAW/2017.
Water has always been an important resource for Central Asian states and peoples. Different
rulers at different times used water, and access to it, as an instrument of political and even
military influence. When the Russian Empire expanded into Central Asia, seizing substantial
parts of three central Asian khanates (Bukhara, Khiva and Khoqand) and established its own
protectorate over these states, its also found that water was one of the most effective means to
control the rulers and peoples of Central Asia. The use of water and irrigation policy as an
instrument of rule was effectively used by the Russian Empire in its relations with the Central
Asian khanates and this has already been the subject of investigation. This paper analyses the
legal regulation of water use and the irrigation policy of the Russian Empire in Turkestan in
order to influence the Bukharan Emirate and the Khivan Khanate during the epoch of the
Russian protectorate (1870s–1910s). The paper demonstrates how the internal “water law” was a
starting point in Russian policy towards Bukhara and Khiva, and shows that each subsequent
stage was closely connected to the evolution of the “water law” in the Russian Turkestan. The
sources are official documents (including legal acts) of the Russian Empire, correspondence of
Russian and Central Asian statesmen, memoirs of contemporaries and the notes of Russian
visitors to khanates (diplomats, engineers, etc.) who participated in the realization of Russian
water policy in Bukhara and Khiva and could estimate its effectiveness.
Pochekaev R. Y., Средневековые тюрко-татарские государства 2016 № 8 С. 204-209
В статье анализируется влияние русских казачьих традиций на развитие военного дела в среднеазиатских протекторатах Российской империи - Бухарском эмирате и Хивинском ханстве в конце XIX - начале ХХ вв. Автор рассматривает причины этого влияния, связанные с активным участием казачьих частей в процессе присоединения Средней Азии к России, развитии казачьего войска во вновь присоединенных к России ...
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Goal. Article devoted to analysis of information and evaluations of the members of the Bukharan elite of the 1870s — 1910s on legal transformations made by Russian authorities in the Bukharan Emirate which since 1868 was under the protectorate of the Russian Empire. Author used works of contemporaries — Bukharan officials who were loyal to ...
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Установление протектората Российской империи над Бухарским эмиратом и Хивинским ханством создавало широкие возможности для расширения деятельности российских предпринимателей в Средней Азии. Многочисленные правовые акты формировали благоприятные условия для ведения ими дел в Бухаре и Хиве, позволив российским торговцам превратиться в весьма привилегированное сословие в этих государствах. Однако разнообразие источников права, отсутствие единой правовой политики России ...
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The paper is the first attempt to obtain insights into the legal relations of the Russian Empire with the countries of Central Asia based on the concept of frontier modernization. The author identifies the main stages of legal cooperation between Russia and Central Asian states in the 18th — early 20th centuries, reveals the main means and methods, ...
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Purpose. Analysis of legal status of Christian foreigners in the Bukharan Emirate and Khivan Khanate during the age of the Russian protectorate (1870s-1910s). Although these states didn’t have right for the foreign policy, foreigners had an opportunity to visit them on different purpose. Nevertheless, specific status of protectorates caused some restriction in foreigners’ status at ...
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