Book chapter
О журнальных замыслах, чуткой цензуре и повседневном быте московских цензоров: из истории раннего «Москвитянина»
The article considers the history of the legal newspaper Pravo and its censorship history. The newspaper was an influential Russian liberal periodical of the early 20th century. It was published without pre-censorship but underwent pressure from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, received administrative warnings for its “harmful direction” and was on the verge of administrative closure. Pravo published articles about the state of Russian legislation, government administration and the court system, giving special attention to press legislation. It criticized the censorship system in Russia for administrative arbitrariness and advocated freedom of the press based on the rule of law. The history of censorship against the newspaper itself is indicative of the arbitrary character of Russian law on freedom of the press.
The article discusses the establishment of professional standards across community of German universities philosophers. The paper analyses a nature of public scandals based on the taking away the right to teach at universities such well-known intellectuals such as David Friedrich Strauss (1835), Ludwig Feuerbach (1836), Bruno Bauer (1842), and Kuno Fischer (1852). I propose a thesis that repressive measures were the result of conflicts related to the methodological upgrading of the discipline. I show that the severity of social controversy was caused by the peculiarities of the requirements to academic employees. The development of professional solidarity during the second half of 19th century helped smooth the severity of labor disputes, which, however, did not protect the academic community of ideological pressure by Nazi regime.