«Легко ли познать самого себя?»: истоки проблемы самопознания в диалоге Платона «Алкивиад I».

Гл. 2. С. 24–32.

Makarova I.

The methodological challenge is the question whether and with which qualifications something like the concept „Self“ may be attributed to ancient philosophers. The problem “What is man” was discovered by the Ancient Greek culture quite early. For example, at the epoch of Homer, the word autos means in the self-referent speech the body, soma – something that is different from other bodies (existing things) and constitutes one’s selfhood. Plato was the first philosopher who posed the question on the „same“, the true nature of man irrelative to his material substratum. Thus, we can see in Plato the nascency of the notion that the true nature of man conceived as a priori determined mode of being of the soul has transcendental roots. His soul theory can be consequently seen as the first draft of later theories of self-knowledge and the nature of human Self.

Keywords: субъект, Платон, душа и тело, soul, Plato, самость, Self, mind-body problem, substance

Publication based on the results of: The Problem of the "Self": Philosophical Traditions and the Present (2011)

In book

Проблема «Я»: философские традиции и современность

М.: Альфа-М, 2012.