Группы в составе большой общности: феномен ингрупповой проекции и его роль для поддержания форм неявных предубеждений

Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2024. Т. 21. № 2. С. 255–276.

Kotova M.

Current analysis represents a rationale for the relationship between the two concepts: “ingroup projection” and “covert prejudice”, and the phenomena behind them. Prototypicality allows group members to consider their ingroup as the most normatively “correct” one. When studying ingroup projection, the primary focus of attention was a negative attitude towards another group, expressed openly, but in recent decades, researchers have increasingly documented the transformation of prejudice into covert, subtle forms: symbolic, ambivalent or aversive (Brown, 2010). Covert forms of prejudice or, in other words, a hidden negative attitudes towards another group attract the attention of researchers primarily due to the sudden transition from an outwardly neutral or positive attitude to a negative evaluation of an outgroup with a subsequent behavior. However, a precise comparison of ingroup projection and forms of covert prejudice has not previously been carried out in the scientific literature. Our analysis reveals that ingroup projection can be considered as a tool for a cover prejudice maintaining and enhancement. Moreover, this support might be different for different forms of covert prejudice. The most significant relationship is to be expected for symbolic forms, forms that mainly reflect a search for ways of an outwardly legitimate cover for a negative attitude towards other groups. Ambivalent forms of prejudice can both intensify and transform into other forms (for example, dehumanization) with the strengthening of the ingroup projection. Aversive bias, we suggested, should be less related to the ingroup projection; nevertheless, the social norms of interaction that ingroup projection can make both clear and vague take on special significance in this case. The paper ends with a discussion of the directions for studying the relationship between ingroup projection and forms of cover prejudice in the Russian context. In particular, the civic identity content of the inhabitants of Russia is discussed, and the conflict between value orientations that can lead to the transition of prejudices into covert forms is considered.

Keywords: Россия, Russia, intergroup relations, межгрупповые отношения, прототипичность, ingroup projection, prototypicality, covert prejudice, ингрупповая проекция, неявные предубеждения