Университет как живой организм: философия высшего образования Мигеля де Унамуно-и-Хуго

Отечественная и зарубежная педагогика. 2024. Т. 1. № 1(97). С. 134–149.

Pichugina V., Овсепян А. С.

The questions about what an ideal university is and what prevents each university from becoming ideal were posed by Miguel de Unamuno y Hugo (1864–1936), a writer, philosopher, philologist, playwright, public figure
and teacher with bright and unique ideas for his time. Unamuno was one of the greatest philosophers of Spain at the end of the XIX — beginning of the XX century, who tried to point out to his compatriots the importance of a balance
between educational opportunities and the needs of the country, the city and the family. His pedagogical heritage, combining works of different genres, as well as reports, speeches and lectures, has not yet become the subject of special research. This article analyzes the conceptual features of Miguel de Unamuno y Hugo's ideas about higher education. The article analyzes the conceptual features of Miguel de Unamuno y Hugo's ideas about higher education, which are reflected in his main pedagogical essay “About Higher Education in Spain” (1899), the report “University Education” (1905), lectures “How should be the rector in Spain” (1914) and “Teaching autonomy” (1917), as well as the essay “Something about University Autonomy” (1919). All these works have not yet been translated into Russian and belong to the early work of Unamuno, covering the period of his active teaching and management activities at the University of Salamanca. His concept of the development of higher education in Spain
was based on the idea that the university was a living organism, where each element (cell) works within a large whole. Contemporary problems of higher education were what prevented the university from working and developing
not just as a living, but also as a healthy organism.

Keywords: университеты, history of higher education, история высшего образования, University, Miguel de Unamuno y Hugo, Philosophy of Higher Education, Мигель де Унамуно-и-Хуго, философия высшего образования