Дворянство Казанской губернии второй половины XVIII века: чиновный состав и размер душевладения

Вестник Православного Свято-Тихоновского гуманитарного университета. Серия 2: История. История Русской Православной Церкви. 2023. № 110. С. 59–71.

Феофанов А. М.

The study is based on materials preserved in Fund 1355 (Economic Notes to the plans of the General Land Survey of the Russian Empire) of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). These economic notes, compiled at the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries, indicate the rank of landowner, and the number of serfs owned according to the 5th revision. Service records from Fund 1349 of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), years 1798-1802, were used for the description of Kazan public service o cials. At the end of the 18th century, according to the 5th revision in Kazan Province, there were 1010 landowners, of which 465 were women. Most of the landowners were retired, which shows that the nobility actively used their right not to serve, granted to them by the Manifesto of 1762. Of those who served, a little more than half were in the state service, or served in garrisons, which they entered after military service. Most of them retired in o cer ranks. No more than 7.5% of the nobility had general ranks of the 1st - 5th classes. More than 20% of Kazan nobility owned at least a hundred people; wealthy landowners who owned more than 500 people made up 5%. Many landowners (more than 19%) owned estates in other regions of the Russian Empire, such estates were mostly in Nizhny Novgorod Province. There were about 3% of the titled nobility. The number of Kazan nobles educated at Kazan gymnasium varies from 6% (in 1781) to 4% at the end of the 18th century. Moreover, this number of students of Kazan gymnasium exceeds the total number of students of other educational institutions (primarily cadet corps). Median numbers show that the nobility entered the service on average at the age of 14 (most of them from 12 to 16), and received the rst class rank at 21, more than half received it from 18 to 24 years of age. The majority of the nobility entered military service and then retired; a small part continued to serve in the civil sector.

Keywords: nobility, просопография, дворянство, prosopography, Генеральное межевание, душевладение, помещики, general land surveying, serf-ownership, LANDOWNERS

Publication based on the results of: Westernization as a descriptive model of modern Russian history: Critique and exploration of alternatives (2022)