Особенности процесса поиска и внедрения новых технологических решений по выводу из эксплуатации объектов ядерного наследия и обращению с образующимися при этом радиоактивными отходами

Радиоактивные отходы. 2022. № 4 (21). С. 90–102.

Тихонова А. А., Самойлов А. А., Ильина О. А., Иванов А. Ю., Белоусов С. В., Сергунин А. П., Stupin R., Grebneva A.

Effective decommissioning of nuclear legacy facilities depends directly on the applied engineering methods providing decontamination, dismantlement and RW management. The effectiveness of widely known and commonly applied methods cannot be seen as a constant value since it is governed by multiple factors, including the specific characteristics of the considered facilities. Pre-decommissioning stage should also consider some alternative techniques, methods, types of equipment and tooling, including those that are currently used outside the scope of nuclear industry.

To increase the decommissioning performance, including the efforts implemented under the Federal Target Program Nuclear and Radiation Safety in 2016—2035, on the one hand, some digital and calculation tools providing variant- based evaluation of different alternative options and supporting the selection of an optimal one may be used, and on the other hand — some tools helping to search for and implement more advanced decommissioning and RW management technologies may be developed.

The paper summarizes the assessment of nuclear decommissioning technologies and equipment applied in Russia and abroad showing certain potential for further industrial development. It also considers the scouting results focused on developments, prototypes, technologies and equipment associated with the areas of further industrial development providing opportunities for an increased performance during the implementation of key decommissioning operations.

Keywords: робототехника, информационное моделирование, технологии информационного моделирования, радиоактивные отходы, radioactive waste, цифровой двойник, digital twins, building information modeling, decommissioning, radioactive waste management, вывод из эксплуатации