Article
Термообработка листового теплоизоляционного материала с использованием микроволнового излучения
The experimental research results of the basalt cardboard thermal treatment with the microwave electromagnetic energy application are presented in the article. The weight change diagrams of the basalt cardboard samples during the drying process are given. Changes in the temperature behaviour are analyzed on the surface and inside the samples depending on coupling medium. An advice on the drying process parameters improvement is given.
Activity on projects of ITER and DEMO reactors has shown that solution of problems of divertor target plates and other plasma facing elements (PFEs) based on the solid plasma facing materials cause serious difficulties. Problems of PFE degradation, tritium accumulation and plasma pollution can be overcome by the use of liquid lithium–metal with low Z. Application of lithium will allow to create a self-renewal and MHD stable liquid metal surface of the in-vessel devices possessing practically unlimited service life; to reduce power flux due to intensive re-irradiation on lithium atoms in plasma periphery that will essentially facilitate a problem of heat removal from PFE; to reduce Zeff of plasma to minimally possible level close to 1; to exclude tritium accumulation, that is provided with absence of dust products and an opportunity of the active control of the tritium contents in liquid lithium. Realization of these advantages is based on use of so-called lithium capillary-porous system (CPS) – new material in which liquid lithium fill a solid matrix from porous material. The progress in development of lithium technology and also activity in lithium experiments in the tokamaks TFTR, T-11M, T-10, FTU, NSTX, HT-7 and stellarator TJ II permits of solving the problems in development of steady-state operating lithium divertor module project for Kazakhstan tokamak KTM. At present the lithium divertor module for KTM tokamak is under development in the framework of ISTC project # K-1561. Initial heating up to 200 °C and lithium surface temperature stabilization during plasma interaction in the range of 350–550 °C will be provided by external system for thermal stabilization due to circulation of the Na–K heat transfer media. Lithium filled tungsten felt is offered as the base plasma facing material of divertor. Development, creation and experimental research of lithium divertor model for KTM will allow to solve existing problems and to fulfill the basic approaches to designing of lithium divertor and in-vessel elements of new fusion reactor generation, to investigate plasma physics aspects of lithium influence, to develop technology of work with lithium in tokamak conditions. Results of this project addresses to the progress in the field of fusion neutrons source and fusion energy source creation.
Theoretical and experimental results of microwave radiation influence on the multi-layered biological tissues at 2450 MHz electromagnetic field frequency oscillations. Model and analytical calculation method of the temperature distribution inside the volume of biological tissue are presented. The prospects of the microwave radiation therapy are shown.
The results of microwave influence aimed at the temperature rise in local area in multilayered biological tissues are given. the experimental results of temperature distribution in multilayered biological tissue are presented at the electromagnetic field frequency of 2450MHz. The model and analytic calculations for the temperature distribution inside the biological tissue are presented. The calculation results for the temperature distribution in multilayered biological tissues are given.
The computational model of the temperature sensors integrated on the IC chip with power transistors is developed. The 2D/3D problem of sensor placement is mathematically described by the classic heat transfer equation coupled with the equation for current density distribution. It is shown that parasitic effects of sensor current displacement and thermo-emf generation resulting from a temperature gradients (Seebeck effect) must be taken into account. For this purpose the special differential equation is introduced. The examples of point- and strip-like temperature sensors modeling for power BJTs and ICs are demonstrated.
Questions of the even temperature distribution creation in the volumetric materials with different dielectric losses placed in the beam-type microwave device are examined. The volumetric material was irradiated by two types of antennas which provided perpendicular and parallel flux direction of the electric-field vector relatively to the material's surface. Experimental data on the temperature field distribution in the volume of material is presented. It is shown that the total temperature dispersion is less than 5ºC inside the material heated up to 80ºC.
The dynamics of a two-component Davydov-Scott (DS) soliton with a small mismatch of the initial location or velocity of the high-frequency (HF) component was investigated within the framework of the Zakharov-type system of two coupled equations for the HF and low-frequency (LF) fields. In this system, the HF field is described by the linear Schrödinger equation with the potential generated by the LF component varying in time and space. The LF component in this system is described by the Korteweg-de Vries equation with a term of quadratic influence of the HF field on the LF field. The frequency of the DS soliton`s component oscillation was found analytically using the balance equation. The perturbed DS soliton was shown to be stable. The analytical results were confirmed by numerical simulations.
By using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, we investigated anisotropic high-field (H less than or similar to 7T) low-temperature (10 K) magnetization response of inhomogeneous nanoisland FeNi films grown by rf sputtering deposition on Sitall (TiO2) glass substrates. In the grown FeNi films, the FeNi layer nominal thickness varied from 0.6 to 2.5 nm, across the percolation transition at the d(c) similar or equal to 1.8 nm. We discovered that, beyond conventional spin-magnetism of Fe21Ni79 permalloy, the extracted out-of-plane magnetization response of the nanoisland FeNi films is not saturated in the range of investigated magnetic fields and exhibits paramagnetic-like behavior. We found that the anomalous out-of-plane magnetization response exhibits an escalating slope with increase in the nominal film thickness from 0.6 to 1.1 nm, however, it decreases with further increase in the film thickness, and then practically vanishes on approaching the FeNi film percolation threshold. At the same time, the in-plane response demonstrates saturation behavior above 1.5-2T, competing with anomalously large diamagnetic-like response, which becomes pronounced at high magnetic fields. It is possible that the supported-metal interaction leads to the creation of a thin charge-transfer (CT) layer and a Schottky barrier at the FeNi film/Sitall (TiO2) interface. Then, in the system with nanoscale circular domains, the observed anomalous paramagnetic-like magnetization response can be associated with a large orbital moment of the localized electrons. In addition, the inhomogeneous nanoisland FeNi films can possess spontaneous ordering of toroidal moments, which can be either of orbital or spin origin. The system with toroidal inhomogeneity can lead to anomalously strong diamagnetic-like response. The observed magnetization response is determined by the interplay between the paramagnetic-and diamagnetic-like contributions.
Radiation conditions are described for various space regions, radiation-induced effects in spacecraft materials and equipment components are considered and information on theoretical, computational, and experimental methods for studying radiation effects are presented. The peculiarities of radiation effects on nanostructures and some problems related to modeling and radiation testing of such structures are considered.
This volume presents new results in the study and optimization of information transmission models in telecommunication networks using different approaches, mainly based on theiries of queueing systems and queueing networks .
The paper provides a number of proposed draft operational guidelines for technology measurement and includes a number of tentative technology definitions to be used for statistical purposes, principles for identification and classification of potentially growing technology areas, suggestions on the survey strategies and indicators. These are the key components of an internationally harmonized framework for collecting and interpreting technology data that would need to be further developed through a broader consultation process. A summary of definitions of technology already available in OECD manuals and the stocktaking results are provided in the Annex section.