Article
Структурно-динамические индексы цен и количеств для агрегированных периодов и средние цены для однородных периодов
We consider the problem of determining indices for periods with non-constant prices. The structurally-dynamic quantity indices and price indices-deflators of value flows are induced for aggregated periods consisting of the sequences elementary and homogeneous ones (which can not be represented as a series of others with less duration). These indices depend on changes in the quantities and average prices of products in these sequences. So they are distinguished from the traditional static indices, defined only by amounts of values and quantities of products in the aggregate periods. The definition of indices, consistent in reference to aggregation of products, which is natural for practical uses, is suggested. Recommended chained Divisia - Montgomery price indices possess such a property. We also consider an alternative definitions of homogeneity of period with non-constant prices and the corresponding methods of calculating average product prices on the base of available statistical data. The definition based on the properties of Divisia - Montgomery indices is preferred.
This paper proposes an axiomatic solution to the problem of choice of the dynamic construction of prices and quantities indices and trajectories. There has been proved the existence of prices and quantities paths which are identical to those generating Divisia and Montgomery indices. The obtained Divisia - Montgomery indices (also known as log-change or Montgomery - Vartia(I) index numbers) possess the axiomatic properties of both Montgomery and Divisia indices and are recommended for practical application. They are uniquely characterized by a constant on the trajectories and equal shares of each factor's contribution to value change and to logarithm of the index value for a given set of goods. This indices' property corresponds to the statistical practice's assumption of homogeneity of the studied process of combined changes in prices and quantities in the neighboring periods. The proposed approach could be extended to the calculation of chain indices for the sequences of the compared states-periods.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.