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Компьютерный поворот в философии XXI в. (Размышления над книгой Йоханнеса Ленхарда «Сюрпризы вычислений. Философия компьютерных симуляций»)
Вопросы философии. 2021. Т. 5. С. 36–46.
Kham T.
In 2019, a new book by Lenhard was published. Lenhard attempts to separate computer simulations from classical mathematical modeling. Having structured the material accumulated over the years of research into three parts, Lenhard correctly, without starting the construction of revolutionary metaphysical concepts, takes the reader through the new world of the philosophy of computer simulations. In the first part, the author proves the thesis that computer simulations are a completely new, previously unknown, type of mathematical modeling. The second part focuses on the conceptual epistemic transformations of mathematical modeling as applied to computer simulations. Particular importance is attached to the verification methods used in scientific experiments: verification and validation. In the third part, Lenhard, questioning the purely scientific rational way of knowing, tries to grope for the contours of new methods that will be due to the use of computer simulations in scientific research practice. In this article, we will analyze the problem areas that Lenhard identifies in his book as the most important for understanding the philosophical essence of computer simulations.
Language:
Russian
Kertesz-Farkas A., Acquaye F. L., Journal of Proteome Research 2026 Vol. 25 P. 3764–3768
Ultimately, most tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) proteomics experiments aim to not just detect but also quantify the proteins in a given complex sample. Here, we describe an extension to the Crux MS/MS analysis toolkit to enable label-free quantification of peptides. We demonstrate that Crux’s new quantification command, which is modeled after the algorithms implemented in ...
Added: September 23, 2026
Maddalena L., Yildiz B., Del Vecchio Blanco F. et al., Risk Analysis 2026 Vol. 46 No. 4 P. 1–26
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are marketed as alternatives to conventional cigarettes with a potential reduced risk profile. Yet, their actual impact on cancer and noncancer disease risk remains uncertain and requires rigorous quantitative assessment. In this study, we develop a unified and transparent computational framework for toxicological risk assessment of HTPs, integrating chemical emissions data ...
Added: September 22, 2026
Merzenina A., Логос 2026 Т. 35 № 2 С. 73–102
The article examines the functioning of digital communication in the era of semiocapitalism (F. Berardi) and hyperrealism (J. Baudrillard), as well as its influence on the psycho-social situation of the modern subject (based on the psychoanalysis of J. Lacan). Obsessive neurosis, aggressiveness and depression are considered by the author not only as the dominant mental ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Alexander Savelev, Aleksei Toropov et al., Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 2024 Vol. 34 No. 3 P. 855–862
Tasks related to the automation of medical data processing are becoming more urgent. Particular attention is paid to systems for monitoring and analyzing human physiological parameters. Such systems often use specialized sensors to capture biomedical images, such as infrared cameras. This article describes our study of the problem of segmenting the eye pupil and iris ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Nazarenko A., Alexander Savelev et al., Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 2024 Vol. 34 No. 3 P. 844–854
Improving image quality is becoming an increasingly popular task, especially when working with mobile devices. One common approach to image enhancement is the use of convolutional neural networks. However, to achieve good results, such networks must be large enough, otherwise there is a risk of unwanted artifacts. In addition, large convolutional neural networks require significant ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Alexander Savelev, Aleksei Toropov et al., Optical Memory and Neural Networks (Information Optics) 2024 Vol. 33 P. 424–434
This study explores the development of classifiers for microbial images, specifically focusing on streptococci captured via microscopy of live samples. Our approach uses AutoML-based techniques and automates the creation and analysis of feature spaces to produce optimal descriptors for classifying these microscopic images. This technique leverages interpretable taxonomic features based on the external geometric attributes ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Aleksei Toropov, Alexander Savelev et al., Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 2024 Vol. 34 No. 4 P. 1053–1060
This paper presents a novel approach to classification in biomedical imaging, specifically targeting polyp recognition in video endoscopy snapshots. Our method leverages specialized image descriptors to enhance the accuracy and robustness of polyp recognition. By employing these specialized descriptors, we address the challenges inherent in analyzing biomedical images from open datasets. Our approach not only ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Самарин А. В., Торопов А. Г., Савельев А. Г. et al., Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 2024 Vol. 34 No. 4 P. 1044–1052
This paper presents a study aimed at improving the detection quality of small-sized microorganisms under challenging microscopic conditions through the application of a lightweight combined image preprocessing model. We focused on the task of detecting diplococci in images obtained through dynamic sample microscopy. The proposed approach employs predefined filters for image preprocessing, combined with the ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2025.
Added: September 21, 2026
Tomat A., Sergei O. Kuznetsov, International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 2026 Vol. 197 Article 109754
Interval Pattern Structures (IPS) provide a natural way to represent local, human-readable explanations for predictions on numerical data through vectors of intervals interpreted as axis-parallel hyper-rectangles. In this paper, we develop and evaluate an IPS-based k-nearest neighbors classifier, IPS-KNN, that explains each prediction through a single local interval description rather than through the aggregation of ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Nazarenko A., Kotenko E. et al., / Series arXiv "math". 2025. No. 2511.20141.
This paper presents a novel approach to neural network compression that addresses redundancy at both the filter and architectural levels through a unified framework grounded in information flow analysis. Building on the concept of tensor flow divergence, which quantifies how information is transformed across network layers, we develop a two-stage optimization process. The first stage ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Alexander Savelev, Aleksei Toropov et al., Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 2025 Vol. 35 No. 2 P. 169–178
This study explores the incorporation of specialized self-attention mechanisms into deep learning architectures, with a particular emphasis on segmenting human iris and pupil regions in infrared images. In this work, we present some modified versions of nonlocal blocks designed to enhance self-attentive properties while addressing the distinct characteristics of infrared imaging data. By applying these customized ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Alexander Savelev, Aleksei Toropov et al., Journal of Imaging 2025 Vol. 11 No. 10 Article 359
Timely identification and accurate delineation of ultra-early ischemic stroke lesions in non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the human brain are of paramount importance for prompt medical intervention and improved patient outcomes. In this study, we propose a deep learning-driven methodology specifically designed for segmenting ultra-early ischemic regions, with a particular emphasis on both the ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Springer, Cham, 2025.
Added: September 21, 2026
Aleksei Samarin, Alexander Savelev, Aleksei Toropov et al., Journal of Imaging 2025 Vol. 11 No. 6 P. 1–20
This study presents a unified low-parameter approach to multi-class classification of microorganisms (micrococci, diplococci, streptococci, and bacilli) based on automated machine learning. The method is designed to produce interpretable taxonomic descriptors through analysis of the external geometric characteristics of microorganisms, including cell shape, colony organization, and dynamic behavior in unfixed microscopic scenes. A key advantage ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Merzenina A., Социологическое обозрение 2026 Т. 25 № 2 С. 206–242
This article examines the transformation of political theology, or political ontotheology, in the era of late capitalism. The author first analyzes the specifics of nihilism as interpreted by Nietzsche and Heidegger, then moves on to a consideration of epistemological, ethical, and political relativism, the general essence of which consists of a nihilistic rejection of a ...
Added: September 20, 2026
Springer, 2026.
Two volumes of the SPECOM 2026 proceedings contain a collection of submitted papers presented at SPECOM 2026, which were thoroughly reviewed by members of the Program Committee and additional reviewers consisting of almost 80 experts in the conference topic areas. In total, 65 regular full papers out of 99 submissions made via the EasyChair electronic ...
Added: September 20, 2026
Poddiakov A., / Series Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2026. No. 7437658.
Clarity of knowledge and reasoning is necessary in many cases. Yet vagueness in scientific thinking related to surprise, curiosity, "ability to engage with not-knowing" (de Freitas) and abductive reasoning is also a crucially important source of scientific creativity which supplements combinatorial logic when dealing with the already known. Starting from studies by C. S. Peirce ...
Added: September 15, 2026
Makeeva L., В кн.: Аналитическая философия: pro et contra.: СПб.: Издательство РХГА, 2025. С. 305–319.
At the turn of the 20th century, debates over the reality of atoms and molecules split the scientific community into two camps: some scientists and philosophers believed that the terms "atom" and "molecule" designated real structural elements of the universe, while others — such as Ernst Mach, Pierre Duhem, and Henri Poincaré — held a ...
Added: September 14, 2026
Shabanov N., Kuricheva O., Kurbatova J. et al., / Series Working Papers SSRN "Department of Economics Ca’ Foscari University of Venice". 2026.
The carbon balance of an ecosystem is the difference between Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Ecosystem Respiration (Reco) as expressed by Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE). While remote sensing retrievals of GPP have reached maturity, Reco estimation remains underexplored and ultimately cast bias on NEE. Here we present an end-to-end multi-scale analysis of the mechanism of ...
Added: August 21, 2026
Ponomarenko A., / Series Computer Science "arxiv.org". 2025.
This paper addresses the challenge of merging hierarchical navigable small world (HNSW) graphs, a critical operation for distributed systems, incremental indexing, and database compaction. We propose three algorithms for this task: Naive Graph Merge (NGM), Intra Graph Traversal Merge (IGTM), and Cross Graph Traversal Merge (CGTM). These algorithms differ in their approach to vertex selection ...
Added: July 30, 2026
Piontkovski D., / Series arXiv "math". 2026.
A noncommutative projective variety is defined, following Artin and Zhang, by a graded coherent algebra 𝐴. The category of coherent sheaves is then the quotient qgr(𝐴) of the category of finitely presented graded modules by the subcategory of torsion modules. We consider the categorical and polynomial entropies of the Serre twist, that is, of the ...
Added: June 23, 2026
Piontkovski D., / Series arXiv "math". 2025.
If a symmetric multilinear algebra is weakly nil, then it is Engel. This result may be regarded as an infinite-dimensional analogue of the well-known Jacobian theorem, which states that if a polynomial mapping has a polynomial inverse, then its Jacobian matrix is invertible. This refines a theorem of Gerstenhaber and partially answers a question posed ...
Added: June 23, 2026
Paramonov A. A., Вопросы философии 2025 № 7 С. 37–45
The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Elena Arkadyevna
Mamchur, one of the leading Russian philosophers and methodologists of science,
whose works have already become recognized classics of the Russian
philosophy of science. The author draws attention to the wide spectrum
of E.A. Mamchur’s research, covering the processes of formation and development
of scientific knowledge ...
Added: June 2, 2026