‘На столе сидит чашка’: о контактных изменениях в коми-ижемских говорах Ямало-Ненецкого АО

Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды института лингвистических исследований. 2020. Т. 16. № 3. С. 118–145.

Кашкин Е. В., Muraviev N.

The article deals with possible cases of contact-induced change in the subdialects of Izhma Komi spoken in the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district along with Tundra Nenets and Western Khanty. The data were collected during our 2008–2017 field trips by elicitation (collection of wordlists, checking the collocational properties of lexical items, etc.) and by analyses of the fi eld-recorded texts; some archival materials were taken into account as well. Our data are compared with the published data on various Komi dialects. We argue that the infl uence of Tundra Nenets and Western Khanty on Izhma Komi not only results in lexical borrowing (e.g., in the domain of reindeer herding), which has previously been the main point of discussion in the literature, but also in some formal or semantic changes in the borrowed lexemes or patterns. This means that the degree of interaction between Izhma Komi and the neighbouring languages can be higher than it was claimed previously. Pattern borrowing can be related to lexeme polysemy (e.g., the verbs for sitting or standing, some animal names which also involve certain cultural taboos borrowing), phonotactic features (e.g., avoidance of hiatus, consonant devoicing in the fi nal position), grammatical construction properties (e.g., possessive constructions). Some examples analyzed involve Izhma Komi’s interactions not only with Tundra Nenets / Western Khanty, but also with Russian (e.g., this is the case for some kinship terms). The sociolinguistic conditions of the possible contact-induced change are also discussed, such as the set of languages actively used in a particular village or area, the existence of mixed families and/or mixed reindeer herding communities.

Keywords: borrowings, заимствования, ареальная лингвистика, Tundra Nenets, тундровый ненецкий язык, коми-зырянский язык, хантыйский язык, areal linguistics, Northern Khanty, komi-zyrjan