На «круглых кораблях» от Херсона до Саркела: к вопросу о типе «кораблей», использованных Петроной Каматиром в 830-е гг.

Stratum Plus. 2020. Т. 5. С. 171–176.

Щавелев А. С.

The article offers an interpretation of the Greek designation “αἱ στρογγύλαι νῆες”, “round ships”, on which, according to the “Chronography” of Theophanes Continuatus the Byzantine officer Petronas Camaterus sailed from Cherson to the site of the foundation of the fortress named Sarkel on the river Don. According to two descriptions of this expedition in the texts of the 950-s, his route included coastal sailing in the Black Sea, sailing along the ​​Azov Sea and boating along river Don. It is obvious that his “round ships” were cargo. Based on typological parallels, it can be assumed that these were round sail vehicles of the “coracle” type, widespread in different regions of Eurasia. The closest analogy of such round vessels for the carriage of goods is the Arab “quffas”, a type of boates, used from the Old Babylonian period until the Modern Age on the rivers and lakes of Mesopotamia. Such round cargo ships on the river Euphrates were described in the “History” of Herodotus. It can be assumed that the watercrafts used on the rivers Euphrates and Tigris were isomorphic to the watercrafts used by the Chersonites or Chazars on the rivers Volga and Don.

Keywords: Византия, Byzantine Empire, Византийская империя, Хазарский каганат, Khazar khanate, хазары, Khazars, византийское средневековье

Publication based on the results of: Diversity of Forms of Social Organization: Anthropological and Historical Context (2019)