Article
Doctoral Education:Global Perspectives
Doctoral education worldwide is characterized by parallel trends toward diversity and, at the same time, toward unification. There is no such thing as a standard doctoral education model. The landscape of doctoral education across the world is quite diverse and there is a considerable rise in its variations and flexibility. However, doctoral education has become a global market with flows of international students, faculty, and graduates who create a demand for unification of standards and benchmarking.
The presented article belongs to the research categories, thus, is the result of research conducted by the authors, as well as the interpretation of the identified factors influencing the satisfaction of students participating in international academic mobility. In the study, the issues of the effectiveness of internationalization of education in Russian universities are provided by giving students the opportunity to participate in international mobility programs. The problems of internationalization are practical, since now this process is one of the prior directions in the development of education. In the course of this work, a study was conducted of the views of Russian students on the level and quality of education in the programs of international academic mobility, and the main result of the work was to identify the most significant factors affecting the choice of high school students for mobility, which were combined by the authors of the article in a set of recommendations to the leading Russian. universities when choosing partner universities. The practical part includes an expert interview of students (14 people) participating in mobility programs to identify criteria for their satisfaction with this experience, which, together with the factors identified as a result of analyzing theoretical work, served as the basis for the compilation of a survey on academic mobility, which then 148 students passed. Thus, the following significant components of the effective passage of the program were identified: a high level of adaptation and awareness of foreign students at the host university, high professionalism of teachers, moderation of expenses, the availability of scholarships, provision of team project work to establish relationships with fellow students. The leading criteria for the selection of foreign universities by students were determined: established partnerships between sending and receiving universities, the attractiveness of the country of the program, the opportunity to practice rare foreign languages with their native speakers. As a research perspective, it can be proposed to establish differences in the factors influencing the choice of Western or Eastern universities - partners.
The paper discusses recent initiatives undertaken by the Russian Government that are aimed to attract highly qualified foreign specialists to Russian higher education institutions. The authors describe obstacles that both institutions and specialists face. Best practices to attract leading scientists used in various countries are identified.
As we progress into the 21st century, the international dimension of higher education is becoming increasingly important and at the same time, much more complex. The changing dynamics of internationalization are contributing to the current state of turmoil in the higher education sector. (Knight 2012) During the last decade, there have been new actors, new rationales, new programs, new regulations, and new developments in globalization. Internationalization has become a formidable force for change, as the following developments and initiatives in higher education demonstrate.
As internationalization adapts to meet new challenges, it is important to examine the key concepts that inform and shape the internationalization process and sometimes result in unexpected developments and unanticipated results. The following discussion acknowledges the multiple and varied benefits attributed to internationalization, but the primary focus is on the unintended consequences that need to be addressed and monitored.
The article deals with the relationship of business and government through the various aspects of the conflict interaction. The author analyses border state of relationship between business and power, factors and possible solutions of conflict situations. The author makes an assumption that development of social relations in general can lead to transformation of inefficient system of relationships between business and power.
In the current context of the globalization of science, excellence is most often associated with internationalization and assessed through high-impact “international” (English-language) publications. Taking Russian economic science as a case study, this paper argues that the strategies of internationalization of national disciplinary fields are primarily determined by the parameters of the global economics itself. My analysis of the Russian publications in economics covered by Web of Science demonstrates that the very repertoire of international publication strategies of Russian authors is determined by the transnational system of communication in economics. Economics papers from peripheral nations are essentially assigned to regional or “area studies” periodicals, which do not belong to the core of the discipline. Publication in top economics journals requires a specific “international” competency usually obtained through doctoral training at Anglo-American or equivalent PhD programs and generally implies a delocalization of research objects and questions.
Institutions affect investment decisions, including investments in human capital. Hence institutions are relevant for the allocation of talent. Good market-supporting institutions attract talent to productive value-creating activities, whereas poor ones raise the appeal of rent-seeking. We propose a theoretical model that predicts that more talented individuals are particularly sensitive in their career choices to the quality of institutions, and test these predictions on a sample of around 95 countries of the world. We find a strong positive association between the quality of institutions and graduation of college and university students in science, and an even stronger negative correlation with graduation in law. Our findings are robust to various specifications of empirical models, including smaller samples of former colonies and transition countries. The quality of human capital makes the distinction between educational choices under strong and weak institutions particularly sharp. We show that the allocation of talent is an important link between institutions and growth.