Создание регулярного города во второй половине XVIII в. Первый реализованный план «генеральной реконструкции» Москвы. Концепция, замысел, результаты

Вестник славянских культур. 2018. Т. 49. № 3. С. 293–304.

Belov A.

In the second half of the 18th century Catherine II's government undertook large-scale reform of transformation of the city, during which it acquired new features that opened up the possibility of fuller executing of its functions. The program of creation of the so-called “regular city” came to be a component of these transformations. It pursued the objective of ordering city planning and building with a purpose of boosting the city`s development. Special attention was paid to capitals, St. Petersburg and Moscow. The second case highlighted the issue of big age of the settlement and longstanding city planning. For implementation of the program a number of bodies was created: “Commission for a structure”, “The stone order”, “Expedition of the Kremlin`s structure”, “Commission for the composition of the planning of the capital city of Moscow”. The leading architects and other experts of that time were involved including V. I. Bazhenov, M. F. Kazakov. Thus city redevelopment plan was prepared, re-planning of its center is carried out, and a number of new buildings was built. The rebuilding plan`s implementation made it necessary to build enterprises providing the project with construction materials. In spite of the big losses during fires in the cities in 1812, town-planning project of Catherine II became a basis of the new plan of restoration of Moscow. In the second half of the 18th century Moscow gradually lost features of the feudal fortified city acquiring numerous elements of its modern trademark look.

Keywords: архитектура, Москва, город, city culture, городская культура, Moscow, city, architecture, reform of the city, реформа города, V.I. Bazhenov, regular city, В.И. Баженов, регулярный город