Article
Local Lp-Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for p<1
The Lp-Brunn-Minkowski theory for p≥1, proposed by Firey and developed by Lutwak in the 90's, replaces the Minkowski addition of convex sets by its Lp counterpart, in which the support functions are added in Lp-norm. Recently, Böröczky, Lutwak, Yang and Zhang have proposed to extend this theory further to encompass the range p∈[0,1). In particular, they conjectured an Lp-Brunn-Minkowski inequality for origin-symmetric convex bodies in that range, which constitutes a strengthening of the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality. Our main result confirms this conjecture locally for all (smooth) origin-symmetric convex bodies in Rn and p∈[1−cn3/2,1). In addition, we confirm the local log-Brunn--Minkowski conjecture (the case p=0) for small-enough C2-perturbations of the unit-ball of ℓnq for q≥2, when the dimension n is sufficiently large, as well as for the cube, which we show is the conjectural extremal case. For unit-balls of ℓnq with q∈[1,2), we confirm an analogous result for p=c∈(0,1), a universal constant. It turns out that the local version of these conjectures is equivalent to a minimization problem for a spectral-gap parameter associated with a certain differential operator, introduced by Hilbert (under different normalization) in his proof of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality. As applications, we obtain local uniqueness results in the even Lp-Minkowski problem, as well as improved stability estimates in the Brunn-Minkowski and anisotropic isoperimetric inequalities.
Multiplicative matrix semigroups with constant spectral radius (c.s.r.) are studied and applied to several problems of algebra, combinatorics, functional equations, and dynamical systems. We show that all such semigroups are characterized by means of irreducible ones. Each irreducible c.s.r. semigroup defines walks on Euclidean sphere, all its nonsingular elements are similar (in the same basis) to orthogonal. We classify all nonnegative c.s.r. semigroups and arbitrary low-dimensional semigroups. For higher dimensions, we describe five classes and leave an open problem on completeness of that list. The problem of algorithmic recognition of c.s.r. property is proved to be polynomially solvable for irreducible semigroups and undecidable for reducible ones.
In this paper, we study the conjecture of Gardner and Zvavitch from \cite{GZ}, which suggests that the standard Gaussian measure γ enjoys 1n-concavity with respect to the Minkowski addition of \textbf{symmetric} convex sets. We prove this fact up to a factor of 2: that is, we show that for symmetric convex K and L,
γ(λK+(1−λ)L)12n≥λγ(K)12n+(1−λ)γ(L)12n.
Further, we show that under suitable dimension-free uniform bounds on the Hessian of the potential, the log-concavity of even measures can be strengthened to p-concavity, with p>0, with respect to the addition of symmetric convex sets.
We study the transportation problem on the unit sphere Sn−1 for symmetric probability measures and the cost function c(x,y)=log1⟨x,y⟩. We calculate the variation of the corresponding Kantorovich functional K and study a naturally associated metric-measure space on Sn−1 endowed with a Riemannian metric generated by the corresponding transportational potential. We introduce a new transportational functional which minimizers are solutions to the symmetric log-Minkowski problem and prove that K satisfies the following analog of the Gaussian transportation inequality for the uniform probability measure σ on Sn−1: 1nEnt(ν)≥K(σ,ν). It is shown that there exists a remarkable similarity between our results and the theory of the K{ä}hler-Einstein equation on Euclidean space. As a by-product we obtain a new proof of uniqueness of solution to the log-Minkowski problem for the uniform measure.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Let k be a field of characteristic zero, let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be its Lie algebra. Let k(G), respectively, k(g), be the field of k- rational functions on G, respectively, g. The conjugation action of G on itself induces the adjoint action of G on g. We investigate the question whether or not the field extensions k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G are purely transcendental. We show that the answer is the same for k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G, and reduce the problem to the case where G is simple. For simple groups we show that the answer is positive if G is split of type A_n or C_n, and negative for groups of other types, except possibly G_2. A key ingredient in the proof of the negative result is a recent formula for the unramified Brauer group of a homogeneous space with connected stabilizers. As a byproduct of our investigation we give an affirmative answer to a question of Grothendieck about the existence of a rational section of the categorical quotient morphism for the conjugating action of G on itself.
Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In 1965 Steinberg proved that if G is simply connected, then in G there exists a closed irreducible cross-section of the set of closures of regular conjugacy classes. We prove that in arbitrary G such a cross-section exists if and only if the universal covering isogeny Ĝ → G is bijective; this answers Grothendieck's question cited in the epigraph. In particular, for char k = 0, the converse to Steinberg's theorem holds. The existence of a cross-section in G implies, at least for char k = 0, that the algebra k[G]G of class functions on G is generated by rk G elements. We describe, for arbitrary G, a minimal generating set of k[G]G and that of the representation ring of G and answer two Grothendieck's questions on constructing generating sets of k[G]G. We prove the existence of a rational (i.e., local) section of the quotient morphism for arbitrary G and the existence of a rational cross-section in G (for char k = 0, this has been proved earlier); this answers the other question cited in the epigraph. We also prove that the existence of a rational section is equivalent to the existence of a rational W-equivariant map T- - - >G/T where T is a maximal torus of G and W the Weyl group.