Article
Управление программами территорий опережающего социально-экономического развития (ТОСЭР) с позиции концепции устойчивого развития
Sustainable development (SD) of territories is becoming an increasingly important task both at the national and regional level. On the other hand, there is a little research on applicability of the SD concept on the territories with special economic regimes, including Advanced special economic zones (ASEZ) implemented in the Russian Far East. This paper analyses management of ASEZ in the Far East considering SD concept. The article provides an overview of the current practice of applying SD concept in modern special economic zones and considers the applicability of SD practices in the framework of the Far Eastern ASEZs. The authors used a program management approach to analyzing the functioning of ASEZs, identified key problems in the operation of ASEZs, and provide suggestions and recommendations for solving existing problems, taking into account the SD concept. In conclusion, the authors formulated directions for further research in this area.
This article is dedicated to the analysis of effectiveness of special economic zones (SEZ), a rather new, but promising phenomenon in Russian Federation economy. It includes general analysis of SEZ, its reaction to the world financial crisis, analysis of innovation implementation SEZ (II SEZ), and, in particular, its IT-potential. At the end, the cases related to IT products realized in these zones are described and some economic and financial indicators suitable to describe the dynamics of development of these agglomerations of IT enterprises are given.
The concept of sustainable development (SD) is aimed at preserving life on Earth and ensuring a decent level of life for the present and future generations. It is based on the values of conservation of natural resources, responsible consumption and ethical business practices, and confronts modern global challenges. The transition to SD implies a revision of existing values in the economics, ecology and social life of society. In this regard, education plays the most important role because it is responsible for the formation of the attitudes of the younger generation, and progress in the transformation of formal and informal institutional frameworks. In order to realize these processes, The UN has developed the global program "Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)" and formulated one of the specialized goals in the system of seventeen sustainable development goals approved by the UN for 2016-2030. Higher education plays a special role there, since it not only creates and disseminates knowledge about SD, but also influences the process of making future decisions by managers of various levels. In this context, the concept of “sustainable university” is becoming highly relevant and the experience of its practical implementation is gaining special importance. The purpose of this work is to overview the research papers of Russian and foreign authors to identify the specific features of a sustainable university as a necessary element of ESD.
Importance and Methods Article is devoted to revealing the author's approach and methodological tools to measure sustainable development of industrial enterprises. Proposed combination of static and dynamic approach significantly expands the possibilities of methodical evaluation, allowing more deep justification of the pattern of management solutions on sustainable development of industrial enterprise.
Results The article presents the results of testing the author's methodological tools on the example of three industrial enterprises of Perm. The authors calculated the individual indicators of sustainable development at the economic, environmental and social spheres, and then defined their static reference values, and then, in dynamics, calculated the rate of change and built dynamic standards with their use. Then the calculation was made on group static and dynamic indicators for each area and integrated static and dynamic indices. Combining static and dynamic evaluations allowed displaying the pattern of each company’s position in the matrix of complex evaluation of the level of sustainable development of industrial enterprise.
Conclusions The research has shown that the positions of the analyzed companies are concentrated in the quadrant of the matrix, which is characterized by a balanced tempo characteristics in dynamics, it also revealed discrepancies between the actual values of indicators and their normative (or recommended) values in static. To overcome the situation, management decisions need to be made to improve the indicator values, to bring them to the normative level, while maintaining balanced tempo characteristics of the indicators over time. Each of the investigated companies has been proposed a number of practical recommendations, briefly reflected in the present article.
The article studies the territorial development zone - a new notion which was introduced to Russian legislation by Federal law dated December 3, 2011, No. 392-FZ. The author attempts to find out whether this new concept is substantially different from the already existing concept of special economic zones.
Nowadays, one of the most imminent problems facing power systems in post-industrial countries is the sustainable development of power systems under conditions of increasing power consumption irregularity due to the reduction of the industry’s share in consumers’ demand for electric power. In today’s Russia, this issue is becoming very acute due to the significant share of electric power and heat co-generation that is demonstrating low manoeuvrability and poor adaptation to operations in the daily variation of electric power demand. This paper considers the problem of improving the power system steady-state through the optimization of the production structure of thermal power plants. We propose a combinatorial algorithm that improves the planning of the structural and technological modernization of the power equipment configuration, with a glance at the forecast of the increasing irregularity of power consumption.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.
The article is devoted to the study of the authoritarianism prevalent in the mass consciousness of Russians. The article describes a new approach to the consideration of the authoritarian syndrome as the effects of the cultural trauma as a result of political and socio-cultural transformation of society. The article shows the dynamics of the symptoms of the authoritarianism, which appear in the mass consciousness of Russians from 1993 to 2011. This paper proposes a package of measures aimed at reducing the level of the authoritarianism in Russian society.
This work looks at a model of spatial election competition with two candidates who can spend effort in order to increase their popularity through advertisement. It is shown that under certain condition the political programs of the candidates will be different. The work derives the comparative statics of equilibrium policy platform and campaign spending with respect the distribution of voter policy preferences and the proportionality of the electoral system. In particular, it is whown that the equilibrium does not exist if the policy preferences are distributed over too narrow an interval.
The article examines "regulatory requirements" as a subject of state control over business in Russia. The author deliberately does not use the term "the rule of law". The article states that a set of requirements for business is wider than the legislative regulation.
First, the article analyzes the regulatory nature of the requirements, especially in the technical field. The requirements are considered in relation to the rule of law. The article explores approaches to the definition of regulatory requirements in Russian legal science. The author analyzes legislation definitions for a set of requirements for business. The author concludes that regulatory requirements are not always identical to the rule of law. Regulatory requirements are a set of obligatory requirements for entrepreneurs’ economic activity. Validation failure leads to negative consequences.
Second, the article analyzes the problems of the regulatory requirements in practice. Lack of information about the requirements, their irrelevance and inconsistency are problems of the regulatory requirements in Russia.
Many requirements regulating economic activity are not compatible with the current development level of science and technology. The problems are analyzed on the basis of the Russian judicial practice and annual monitoring reports by Higher School of Economics.
Finally, the author provides an approach to the possible solution of the regulatory requirements’ problem. The author proposes to create a nationwide Internet portal about regulatory requirements. The portal should contain full information about all regulatory requirements. The author recommends extending moratorium on the use of the requirements adopted by the bodies and organizations of the former USSR government.