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July 15, 2026
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Economists at HSE University have examined how smokers respond to changes in cigarette prices. When tobacco prices increase, cigarette consumption does not always decline. In fact, spending on tobacco may even rise: according to the researchers, a 1% decrease in cigarette affordability leads to a 0.28% increase in per capita tobacco expenditure. The findings suggest that to reduce smoking rates, tobacco prices must rise faster than household incomes. The study has been published in Voprosy Statistiki.
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Measurement invariance and sex and age differences of the Big Five Inventory–2: Evidence from the Russian version

Assessment. 2020. Vol. 27. No. 3. P. 472–486.
Shchebetenko S., Kalugin A., Mishkevich A., Soto C., John O.

The Big Five Inventory–2 (BFI-2) is a recently published 60-item questionnaire that measures personality traits within the five-factor model framework. An important aspect of the BFI-2 is that it measures the traits at both the domain and facet levels and also controls acquiescence bias via the balanced number of true- and false-keyed items across the domains and facets. The current research evaluates factorial measurement invariance of a Russian version of the BFI-2 across sex and age within samples of 1,024 university students (Study 1) and 1,029 Internet users (Study 2). Across these samples, men scored lower on the domains of negative emotionality and agreeableness and slightly higher on extraversion. Sex differences were also obtained on various facets. In the Internet sample, age correlated modestly with several Big Five domains in accordance with the well-documented maturity principle. The newly developed Russian version of BFI-2 showed good reliability and validity across both samples. Moreover, random intercept exploratory factor analyses showed that the BFI-2 displayed a hierarchical five-domain-15-facet structure that demonstrated strict measurement invariance across sex and age.

Research target: Psychology
Language: English
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Keywords: personalityBig Fiveпсихометрикаpersonality traitsчерты личностиpsychometricsгендерные и возрастные различияmeasurement invariance"Большая пятерка" личностных чертвозрастные различияполовые различияпсиходиагностика личностиsex differencesage differencesБольшая пятеркаBig Five Inventorypersonality measurementинвариантность измерений
Publication based on the results of:
Психометрические испытания русскоязычной версии вопросника "Big Five Inventory-2" (2019)
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