Л.Н. Толстой: Просветитель, преодолевший Просвещение

Философские науки. 2019. Т. 62. № 2. С. 109–126.

Klimova S.

The article considers the Views of L. N. Tolstoy not only as a representative, but also as a accomplisher of the Enlightenment. A comparison of his philosophy with the ideas of Spinoza and Diderot made it possible to clarify some aspects of the transition to the unique Tolstoy’s  religious and philosophical doctrine. The comparison of General and specific features of the three philosophers was subjected to a special analysis. Special attention is paid to the way of thinking, the relation to science and the specifics of the worldview by Tolstoy and Diderot. An important aspect is researched the contradiction between the way of thinking and the way of life of the three philosophers.

Tolstoy's transition from rational perception of life to its religious and existential bases is shown. Tolstoy gradually moves away from the idea of a natural man to the idea of a man, who living the commandments of Christ. Starting from the educational worldview, Tolstoy ended  by creation of religious and philosophical doctrine, which were relevant  for the 20th century.

Keywords: Просвещение, Leo Tolstoy, Дидро, Diderot, Спиноза, Spinoza, Л.Н.Толстой, the Enlightenment