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Торические действия сложности один и их локальные свойства
We consider an effective action of a compact (n-1)-torus on a smooth 2n-manifold with isolated xed points. We prove that under certain conditions the orbit space is a closed topological manifold. In particular, this holds for certain torus actions with disconnected stabilizers. There is a ltration of the orbit manifold by orbit dimensions. The subset of orbits of dimensions less than n-1 has a specic topology which we axiomatize in the notion of a sponge. In many cases the original manifold can be recovered from its orbit manifold, the sponge, and the weights of tangent representations at fixed points. The introduced notions are elaborated on concrete examples: Grassmann manifold G_{4,2}, complete flag manifold F_3, and quasitoric manifolds with an induced action of a subtorus having complexity one.