Article
FFLV-type monomial bases for type B
We present a combinatorial monomial basis (or, more precisely, a family of monomial bases) in every finite-dimensional irreducible so2n+1-module. These bases are in many ways similar to the FFLV bases for types A and C. They are also defined combinatorially via sums over Dyck paths in certain triangular grids. Our sums, however, involve weights depending on the length of the corresponding root. Accordingly, our bases also induce bases in certain degenerations of the modules but these degenerations are obtained not from the filtration by PBW degree but by a weighted version thereof.
Let Fλ be a generalized flag variety of a simple Lie group G embedded into the projectivization of an irreducible G-module Vλ. We define a flat degeneration Fλa, which is a GaM variety. Moreover, there exists a larger group Ga acting on Fλa, which is a degeneration of the group G. The group Ga contains GaM as a normal subgroup. If G is of type A, then the degenerate flag varieties can be embedded into the product of Grassmannians and thus to the product of projective spaces. The defining ideal of Fλa is generated by the set of degenerate Plüker relations. We prove that the coordinate ring of Fλa is isomorphic to a direct sum of dual PBW-graded g-modules. We also prove that there exist bases in multi-homogeneous components of the coordinate rings, parametrized by the semistandard PBW-tableux, which are analogues of semistandard tableaux.
We show that every Picard rank one smooth Fano threefold has a weak Landau–Ginzburg model coming from a toric degeneration. The fibers of these Landau–Ginzburg models can be compactified to K3 surfaces with Picard lattice of rank 19. We also show that any smooth Fano variety of arbitrary dimension which is a complete intersection of Cartier divisors in weighted projective space has a very weak Landau–Ginzburg model coming from a toric degeneration.
We prove the non-commutative Hodge-to-de Rham Degeneration Conjecture of Kontsevich and Soibelman.
FFLV polytopes describe monomial bases in irreducible representations of (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.). We study various sets of vertices of FFLV polytopes. First, we consider the special linear case. We prove the locality of the set of vertices with respect to the type A Dynkin diagram. Then we describe all the permutation vertices and after that we describe all the simple vertices and prove that their number is equal to the large Schröder number. Finally, we derive analogous results for symplectic Lie algebras.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Let k be a field of characteristic zero, let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be its Lie algebra. Let k(G), respectively, k(g), be the field of k- rational functions on G, respectively, g. The conjugation action of G on itself induces the adjoint action of G on g. We investigate the question whether or not the field extensions k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G are purely transcendental. We show that the answer is the same for k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G, and reduce the problem to the case where G is simple. For simple groups we show that the answer is positive if G is split of type A_n or C_n, and negative for groups of other types, except possibly G_2. A key ingredient in the proof of the negative result is a recent formula for the unramified Brauer group of a homogeneous space with connected stabilizers. As a byproduct of our investigation we give an affirmative answer to a question of Grothendieck about the existence of a rational section of the categorical quotient morphism for the conjugating action of G on itself.
Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In 1965 Steinberg proved that if G is simply connected, then in G there exists a closed irreducible cross-section of the set of closures of regular conjugacy classes. We prove that in arbitrary G such a cross-section exists if and only if the universal covering isogeny Ĝ → G is bijective; this answers Grothendieck's question cited in the epigraph. In particular, for char k = 0, the converse to Steinberg's theorem holds. The existence of a cross-section in G implies, at least for char k = 0, that the algebra k[G]G of class functions on G is generated by rk G elements. We describe, for arbitrary G, a minimal generating set of k[G]G and that of the representation ring of G and answer two Grothendieck's questions on constructing generating sets of k[G]G. We prove the existence of a rational (i.e., local) section of the quotient morphism for arbitrary G and the existence of a rational cross-section in G (for char k = 0, this has been proved earlier); this answers the other question cited in the epigraph. We also prove that the existence of a rational section is equivalent to the existence of a rational W-equivariant map T- - - >G/T where T is a maximal torus of G and W the Weyl group.