Article
On the equivalence of some statements on fixed points of contractions
It is shown that a series of recent (2012–2016) generalizations of the notion of contraction (F-contraction, weak F-contraction, etc.) in fact reduce to known notions of contraction (due to Browder, Boyd and Wong, Meir and Keeler, etc.).
The notion of a metric modular on an arbitrary set and the corresponding modular spaces, generalizing classical modulars over linear spaces and Orlicz spaces, were recently introduced and studied by the author [Chistyakov: Dokl. Math. 73(1):32–35, 2006 and Nonlinear Anal. 72(1):1–30, 2010]. In this chapter we present yet one more application of the metric modulars theory to the existence of fixed points of modular contractive maps in modular metric spaces. These are related to contracting generalized average velocities rather than metric distances, and the successive approximations of fixed points converge to the fixed points in the modular sense, which is weaker than the metric convergence. We prove the existence of solutions to a Carathéodory-type differential equation with the right-hand side from the Orlicz space. Metric modular, Modular convergence, Modular contraction, Fixed point, Mapping of finite f-variation, Carathéodory-type differential equation
In the context of modular metric spaces we prove a generalization of the Banach fixed point theorem for modular contractive mappings.
In a recent paper, the first two authors proved that the generating series of the Poincare polynomials of the quasihomogeneous Hilbert schemes of points in the plane has a simple decomposition in an infinite product. In this paper, we give a very short geometrical proof of that formula.
In the context of metric modular spaces, introduced recently by the author, we define the notion of modular Lipschitzian maps between modular spaces, as an extension of the notion of Lipschitzian maps between metric spaces, and address a modular version of Banach’s Fixed Point Theorem for modular contractive maps. We show that the assumptions in our fixed point theorem are sharp and that it guarantees the existence of fixed points in cases when Banach’s Theorem is inapplicable.
In the framework of modular metric spaces, introduced by the author in 2006, we define a new notion of modular convergence, which is more weak than the metric convergence, and establish the necessary and sufficient condition on the modular under consideration, under which the modular convergence is equivalent to the metric one. We introduce the notion of modular contractive maps, study their relationship with Lipschitz continuous maps with respect to the corresponding metrics and present the main result of the paper concerning the existence of fixed points of modular contractive maps. As an application of the fixed point theorem, we prove the existence of solutions to a Caratheodory-type differential equation with the right hand side from the Orlicz space.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Let k be a field of characteristic zero, let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be its Lie algebra. Let k(G), respectively, k(g), be the field of k- rational functions on G, respectively, g. The conjugation action of G on itself induces the adjoint action of G on g. We investigate the question whether or not the field extensions k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G are purely transcendental. We show that the answer is the same for k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G, and reduce the problem to the case where G is simple. For simple groups we show that the answer is positive if G is split of type A_n or C_n, and negative for groups of other types, except possibly G_2. A key ingredient in the proof of the negative result is a recent formula for the unramified Brauer group of a homogeneous space with connected stabilizers. As a byproduct of our investigation we give an affirmative answer to a question of Grothendieck about the existence of a rational section of the categorical quotient morphism for the conjugating action of G on itself.
Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In 1965 Steinberg proved that if G is simply connected, then in G there exists a closed irreducible cross-section of the set of closures of regular conjugacy classes. We prove that in arbitrary G such a cross-section exists if and only if the universal covering isogeny Ĝ → G is bijective; this answers Grothendieck's question cited in the epigraph. In particular, for char k = 0, the converse to Steinberg's theorem holds. The existence of a cross-section in G implies, at least for char k = 0, that the algebra k[G]G of class functions on G is generated by rk G elements. We describe, for arbitrary G, a minimal generating set of k[G]G and that of the representation ring of G and answer two Grothendieck's questions on constructing generating sets of k[G]G. We prove the existence of a rational (i.e., local) section of the quotient morphism for arbitrary G and the existence of a rational cross-section in G (for char k = 0, this has been proved earlier); this answers the other question cited in the epigraph. We also prove that the existence of a rational section is equivalent to the existence of a rational W-equivariant map T- - - >G/T where T is a maximal torus of G and W the Weyl group.