Article
Семейный бизнес как объект междисциплинарного исследования: обзор методологических подходов
Family businesses are known to be the oldest form of business that permeate the world. A lot of studies
devoted to the analysis of family business features in different branches of economy have been made over the past
two decades. However, family business as an independent subject of study is still in the making; currently it is
being “dissolved” in such theoretical concepts as anthropology, economics, sociology, psychology, organization
theory, organizational behavior, entrepreneurship theory and strategic management. Thereby, the purpose of the
original research is to systematize the existing methodological approaches to family business to reveal the
promising trends of theoretical and empirical studies of the present concept in modern economics. The research is
based on universal scientific research methods and interdisciplinary methodological tools. Simultaneous study of
a family as a system and as business has been proved to extend the comprehension of peculiarities of family firms
and their strategies, the features of management and running of the present organizations, the systematization of
social and psychological factors that provide their development. On the basis of complex review of theoretical
and methodological studies of family business and on the interdisciplinary approach the features of family firms
have been identified in the aspect of the four elements that are considered by foreign scholars: strategy, ownership
structure, corporate management and social psychology. When studying corporate management features we have
revealed the role of a supervisory board in the system of family business management, demonstrated the
advantages of the organization of a supervisory board as a special board that functions both as an observer and a
trainer. The theoretical and methodological review we have done may become the foundation for further studies
devoted to family business peculiarities in Russia.
An article represents a comprehensive overview of approaches to capital structure modeling on the example of the public corporation Silvinit. At first, there are provided a short review of the company and of the corresponding industry followed by the description of how the analogues for the company were chosen. The next part of the article gives a step-by-step description of the practical implementation of such models as WACC model, EBIT-EPS, method of operational profit. Monte-Carlo approach is used for demonstrating an influence of the leverage increase on tax and interest payments as well as company's default risk. In conclusion the authors compare the results of different approaches with the current capital structure of Silvinit.
Put forward the task of achieving synergetic understanding actualizes the need to form an interdisciplinary research tools . Its application is related to the general context of the organization of cognitive activity. Development of science for a long time to build on the trajectory disciplinary differentiation. Emerging scientific fields allocated by narrowing existing specialized subject areas . Played a positive role at some stage , as the detailing research subject niches such atomization science today led to the methodological impasse . Increasingly lost the overall systemic vision of the problems under consideration . The most significant achievements of modern science is increasingly achieved in recent years, namely in the field of interdisciplinary synthesis . Recognized the need to form a new integrative knowledge. Its genesis is no longer determined by digestion and scientific logic synthesis.
The notion that certain management practices at all levels create substantial competitive advantages for the company in the market received a lot of attention in the academic community over the years. A large body of work was accumulated as a result, though it appears that a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between management practices and firm performance is still lacking. This study is a part of a larger project aiming at closing this gap. The objective of this study was to create a typology of companies based on efficiency, using a number of objective criteria obtained from publicly available information.
The report addresses the methodological challenge of studying judicial reasoning in a Codified Systems of such Western countries as France and Germany in the 19th century and Russia in the late 19th early 20th century. The difference in style of Western European and Russian decision should be explained by taking into account national legal consciousness along with black letter rules of the codes and statutes.
We present robustness of the firm as an uninterrupted exchange of resources between the firm and owners of resources - stakeholders. We derive the model on the mutually accepted conditions of exchanges for the major resources and indicate the firm's limits to manipulate the exchange conditions. We also argue that temporary benevolent behavior of the firms towards one or several its stakeholders leads to accumulation of stakeholders' quasi-rent and contributes to the overall robustness of the firm.
Estimation of efficiency from the perspective of an external investor draws a high enough interest in assessing the efficiency of risk management. Since the methods risk management are nontransparent information, the carrying out of empirical research is enough complicated. However, in a number of papers the elements of the assessment of so-called "market efficiency" are traceable, among which the most common factors are: the behavior of stock prices at the moment of collapse of the market, lower average cost of capital. The purpose of this study is as follows: to identify the key factor market efficiency of risk management using techniques and methods of statistical research and create a comprehensive approach to the implementation of this assessment.
In this work the problem of learning and development of creativity with a view to the position of reflexive psychology, akmeology and pedagogics in the context of the human capital analysis in the conditions of modern society globalization is raised. The theme is urgent from the practical point of view in demand of a creative personality under conditions of the economic crisis and at the same time it is actual, because it interprets creativity in a new way according to interdisciplinary approach. The author emphasizes that a reflexively-creative potential is considered to be the backbone factor of professional and innovative activity in modern social space. On basis of philosophical foundations' analysis of psychology of creativity we theoretically build the conceptual model of reflexive creativity and we also examine the precedents of its psychology-pedagogical development in the secondary and high education (in case of reflexive-psycological support).
Students' internet usage attracts the attention of many researchers in different countries. Differences in internet penetration in diverse countries lead us to ask about the interaction of medium and culture in this process. In this paper we present an analysis based on a sample of 825 students from 18 Russian universities and discuss findings on particularities of students' ICT usage. On the background of the findings of the study, based on data collected in 2008-2009 year during a project "A сross-cultural study of the new learning culture formation in Germany and Russia", we discuss the problem of plagiarism in Russia, the availability of ICT features in Russian universities and an evaluation of the attractiveness of different categories of ICT usage and gender specifics in the use of ICT.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The results of cross-cultural research of implicit theories of innovativeness among students and teachers, representatives of three ethnocultural groups: Russians, the people of the North Caucasus (Chechens and Ingushs) and Tuvinians (N=804) are presented. Intergroup differences in implicit theories of innovativeness are revealed: the ‘individual’ theories of innovativeness prevail among Russians and among the students, the ‘social’ theories of innovativeness are more expressed among respondents from the North Caucasus, Tuva and among the teachers. Using the structural equations modeling the universal model of values impact on implicit theories of innovativeness and attitudes towards innovations is constructed. Values of the Openness to changes and individual theories of innovativeness promote the positive relation to innovations. Results of research have shown that implicit theories of innovativeness differ in different cultures, and values make different impact on the attitudes towards innovations and innovative experience in different cultures.