Article
Assessment of Russian aviation development for long-term prospects with the regard for Arctic developing: reproductive and technological aspects
The article considers the conditions of developing the aviation industry for long-term prospects taking into account factors such as changes in purchasing aviation equipment, progress in developing the Russian aviation market, and works for reconstructing and modernizing transport infrastructure in the Russian Arctic. The author aims to coordinate the Government programs for developing new aviation equipment and equipment for air transport via the program of Arctic Exploration and Development, as it is necessary to integrate various cycle flows with regard to high-tech capital.
Arctic territory today is the most perspective territory for oil and gas companies. It is not only resource based or in other words, Arctic boarding countries that should engage in arctic exploration as it requires completely new technological advancement, calling for intense attention to its field development. Following the USGC research developed in 2008 year, more than 80% of perspective Arctic territories are located in offshore. This fact inevitably conveys technical and legislative risks which are not experienced onshore or conventional offshore fields. Technical risks are associated with severe climate conditions, sensitive ecological situation and a lack of field development experience on these territories. Legislative risks depend on the arctic country in question. Legislative also include taxation system that directly affects the efficiency of field development. All this makes it actual to study technical and legislative risks associated with arctic offshore field development. Practically, the work consists of two parts: analysis of influence of technical risks and legislative risks (including taxation system) on field development in different Arctic Seas and two cases in Russian Barents Sea and Norwegian Barents Sea were studied. Analysis of technical and legislative risks in these countries are determined by similar conditions of state participation and strategic meaning of Arctic territories for both countries. In the frame of technical analysis risk classification system according to different Arctic Sea conditions was worked out. Probability for each technical risk was assessed in expert way and included in the field development project evaluation, which in turn was made using real option valuation and stochastic modeling approaches. In order to receive synergetic effect, valuation model of filed development with technical risks were then incorporated into economic model, which includes legislative restriction and taxation. These conditions differ according to territory in Russia which is the opposite in Norway, allowing us to create territories with similar climatic conditions and geological perspective, analyzing technical and legislative risks.
In this research the two mechanisms of the FDI distribution in Russian food industry companies are discussed. We investigate regional characteristics and their spatial lags as determinants of the process. To test the influence of these determinants on the probability to have more than 10% of foreign capital in a company we estimate the hierarchical binary-choice models on a sample of Russian food industry companies (from RUSLANA database, on 2009). According to the results, the hierarchical diffusion of foreign investors is motivated by the seeking of local market and by seeking of the efficiency through lower transportation costs and better investment environment. The local resources in innovations are not significant on this level. When the investors develop new regions they take into account almost all the investigated regional characteristics.
The APEC summit in Vladivostok ended. There are natural questions – whether the Forum made progress in the respect of new ideas and approaches on integration and trade liberalization? What dividends got Russia during the year of presidency? Whether it is possible to say after the summit that its image became more attractive to foreign partners in the Pacific Rim? These problems make the content of this article.
This book presents the results of analysis of human capital in Murmansk and Archangelsk regions, republics of Komi and Karelia, and Nenets Autonomous Region. The authors considered migration processes and their trends; some of these were analyzed at municipal level. Having taken in account the importance of life expectancy as a complex indicator of sustainable development, the authors identified the periods of its growth and decline. Age-specific differences were also scrutinized. The relative contributions of major causes of mortality in life expectancy at birth were estimated. The authors described the dynamics of population of small indigenous peoples of the North (Vepsians, Nenets, Komi), the problems associated with their self-identification, census administration, migration, childbirth and life expectancy. The authors analyzed climate change as the new health risk factor, which affects safety of food and drinking water, accessibility of medical services and specific practices of deer-herding. A separate chapter of the book is devoted to current and future trends in working-age population until 2002. Each territory of Barents Sea Region displayed its own peculiar behavior of this indicator. The authors compared selected social, economic and demographic indicators in European part of Russian Arctic with those in foreign countries which belong to Barents Sea Region. This monograph was a product of collaborative efforts of the researchers from Economic Forecasting Institute and Institute of Demography of Higher School of Economics. B. A. Revich, Doctor of Medicine, and B. N. Porfiryev, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, edited this book.
The third volume of the series " The islands and archipelagos of the Russian Arctic " is dedicated to the history, cultural heritage and natural environment of the northern archipelago of the Russian Arctic - Franz Josef Land. It is based on the results of years (since 1990) studies the Marine Arctic Complex Expedition belonged by Polar Research Foundation and the Research Institute for Cultural and Natural Heritage. Materials on historical experiments recreating the conditions and circumstances of polar expeditions are presented. First diaries of members of foreign missions to the Franz Josef Land are published.
Does the institutional environment in Russian regions significantly stimulate the inflow of foreign direct investment in Russian food industry enterprises or is the investor interested only in the size of a market? The sample of about 5000 food industry companies of different subindustries from different Russian regions is analyzed to give the answer to this question. The main idea of this investigation is to determine the institutional factors which effect the distribution of the FDI and to test whether the transport infrastructure in the region and in the neighboring ones plays an important role. The estimation of a multilevel binary model with spatial effects of analyzed factors gives the idea for the possible solution on the problem discovered above.
The article analyses the international experience in the field of assessment transport projects impacts on regional development within the process of decision making concerning the distribution of state financing. The experience of state regulation of transport projects assessment practice in Russian Federation and worldwide is compared. Different types of economic models used for transport impact assessment are reviewed. Applicability of different approaches and models for wider economic benefits of transport assessment in Russian Federation is analyzed.
The problem of the ensuring safe production makes the analysis of the attracting foreign capital processes more important. In this research the two mechanisms of the FDI distribution in Russian food industry companies are discussed. The influence of regional characteristics and the spatial lags is investigated via estimating hierarchical binary-choice models (with logical complexification) on a sample of Russian food industry companies from RUSLANA database on 2009. According to the results, the main motives are seeking of local market, transport infrastructure and better investment environment. Subindusrtrial heterogeneity was also found, especially concerning to the resource-seeking motive.
In Russia, the question of development of transport infrastructure is the hot is-sue. It is not only a necessary requirement for innovation program of economic growth, created by the president, but also an improving the quality of life and competitiveness of national economy factor. Till now, no attempts were made to systemize and provide a clear and just classification of airports` infrastructure development. This study is to fulfill this gap. Such a classification of the world can be of great practical importance for all the evolving airports, wishing to reach the world level of innovations. The study attempted to identify the transitional moments in the development of airports from a simple airfield to a modern hub. It is anticipated that the results of this study will be applicable to most companies conscious of the problem; and therefore the recommendations of the study will be generic for the private investors, the government and all the stakeholders.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.