Article
СуперЭВМ: области применения и требования к производительности
Supercomputer: Application Scope and High Performance Requirements
Aladyshev O.S., Dikarev N.I., Ovsyannikov A.P., Telegin P.N., Shabanov B.M.
Supercomputer development trends for the recent years and their power requirements have been analyzed.
Simulating principles of proposed attribute (A) and object-attribute (OA) architectures of computer systems (CS) that implement the dataflow execution model, and the results of a dataflow-supercomputer system simulation are described. A new formalism of "Attribute Nets" (A-nets) is proposed for mathematical modeling of dataflow-CS that differs significantly from apparatus of Petri Nets. This formalism lays foundation for the OA-programming&simulation environment of a dataflow-CS which is used in development programming and test of the OA-supercomputer system.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third Russian Supercomputing Days, RuSCDays 2017, held in Moscow, Russia, in September 2017. The 41 revised full papers and one revised short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on parallel algorithms; supercomputer simulation; high performance architectures, tools and technologies.
The estimation of reachability sets for systems of high dimensions is a challenging issue due to its high computational complexity. For linear systems, an efficient way of calculating such estimates is to find their set-valued approximations provided by ellipsoidal calculus. The present paper deals with various aspects of such approach as applied to systems of high dimensions with unknown but bounded input disturbances. We present an innovative technique based on parallel computation that involves on-line mixing of ellipsoidal tubes found in parallel. This improves robustness of the ellipsoidal estimates. Finally discussed is an implementation of the algorithm intended for supercomputer clusters.
Further development of high performance computing hardware and software is focused on energy and parallel efficiency that are both crucial for future exascale level of supercomputer performance. Real applications tests as well as small-scale benchmarks of new architectures are important for the choice of the best development strategies. ARM CPUs and NVIDIA GPUs are among the most energy efficient hardware. Recently both architectures have been combined in the NVIDIA Tegra systems-on-chip. In this work we benchmark the development boards with Tegra K1 and X1 both with the Roofline model toolkit as well as with different classical molecular dynamics algorithms implemented in LAMMPS. We consider the utilization of the single and double peak floating-point performance and the power and energy consumption of the corresponding Cortex-A15, Cortex-A57, Kepler and Maxwell cores.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability
The geographic information system (GIS) is based on the first and only Russian Imperial Census of 1897 and the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926. The GIS features vector data (shapefiles) of allprovinces of the two states. For the 1897 census, there is information about linguistic, religious, and social estate groups. The part based on the 1926 census features nationality. Both shapefiles include information on gender, rural and urban population. The GIS allows for producing any necessary maps for individual studies of the period which require the administrative boundaries and demographic information.
Existing approaches suggest that IT strategy should be a reflection of business strategy. However, actually organisations do not often follow business strategy even if it is formally declared. In these conditions, IT strategy can be viewed not as a plan, but as an organisational shared view on the role of information systems. This approach generally reflects only a top-down perspective of IT strategy. So, it can be supplemented by a strategic behaviour pattern (i.e., more or less standard response to a changes that is formed as result of previous experience) to implement bottom-up approach. Two components that can help to establish effective reaction regarding new initiatives in IT are proposed here: model of IT-related decision making, and efficiency measurement metric to estimate maturity of business processes and appropriate IT. Usage of proposed tools is demonstrated in practical cases.