Article
New Technology Trends Watch: An Approach and Case Study
A hybrid approach to automated identification and monitoring of technology trends is presented. The hybrid approach combines methods of ontology based information extraction and statistical methods for processing OBIE results. The key point of the approach is the so called ‘black box’ principle. It is related to identification of trends on the basis of heuristics stemming from an elaborate ontology of a technology trend.
This article discusses questions of price forecast for innovative product. Time series have been used in order to predict price movements. For this propose the price (for 24 months) of innovative product, Samsung Galaxy Nexus I9250, was chosen. Based on this information prices for the product were calculated after six months and a year. Also, using results of this forecast the model for prediction the price of innovative product was developed.
Pattern structures, an extension of FCA to data with complex descriptions, propose an alternative to conceptual scaling (binarization) by giving direct way to knowledge discovery in complex data such as logical formulas, graphs, strings, tuples of numerical intervals, etc. Whereas the approach to classification with pattern structures based on preceding generation of classifiers can lead to double exponent complexity, the combination of lazy evaluation with projection approximations of initial data, randomization and parallelization, results in reduction of algorithmic complexity to low degree polynomial, and thus is feasible for big data.
Concept discovery is a Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) research field that uses human-centered techniques such as Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), Biclustering, Triclustering, Conceptual Graphs etc. for gaining insight into the underlying conceptual structure of the data. Traditional machine learning techniques are mainly focusing on structured data whereas most data available resides in unstructured, often textual, form. Compared to traditional data mining techniques, human-centered instruments actively engage the domain expert in the discovery process. This volume contains the contributions to CDUD 2011, the International Workshop on Concept Discovery in Unstructured Data (CDUD) held in Moscow. The main goal of this workshop was to provide a forum for researchers and developers of data mining instruments working on issues with analyzing unstructured data. We are proud that we could welcome 13 valuable contributions to this volume. The majority of the accepted papers described innovative research on data discovery in unstructured texts. Authors worked on issues such as transforming unstructured into structured information by amongst others extracting keywords and opinion words from texts with Natural Language Processing methods. Multiple authors who participated in the workshop used methods from the conceptual structures field including Formal Concept Analysis and Conceptual Graphs. Applications include but are not limited to text mining police reports, sociological definitions, movie reviews, etc.
Concept Relation Discovery and Innovation Enabling Technology (CORDIET), is a toolbox for gaining new knowledge from unstructured text data. At the core of CORDIET is the C-K theory which captures the essential elements of innovation. The tool uses Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), Emergent Self Organizing Maps (ESOM) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) as main artifacts in the analysis process. The user can define temporal, text mining and compound attributes. The text mining attributes are used to analyze the unstructured text in documents, the temporal attributes use these document’s timestamps for analysis. The compound attributes are XML rules based on text mining and temporal attributes. The user can cluster objects with object-cluster rules and can chop the data in pieces with segmentation rules. The artifacts are optimized for efficient data analysis; object labels in the FCA lattice and ESOM map contain an URL on which the user can click to open the selected document.
In 2006, Russia amended its competition law and added the concepts of ‘collective dominance’ and its abuse. This was seen as an attempt to address the common problem of ‘conscious parallelism’ among firms in concentrated industries. Critics feared that the enforcement of this provision would become tantamount to government regulation of prices. In this paper we examine the enforcement experience to date, looking especially closely at sanctions imposed on firms in the oil industry. Some difficulties and complications experienced in enforcement are analysed, and some alternative strategies for addressing anticompetitive behaviour in concentrated industries discussed.