Роль неоднородности и взаимного влияния регионов России в распределении прямых иностранных инвестиций в пищевую отрасль

Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2014. Т. 18. № 2. С. 285–327.

Ratnikova T. A., Gladysheva A. A.

Food industry plays a key role in each country. That is why the process of globalization makes the problem of ensuring safe production vary important, especially while attracting foreign capital. In this article the two mechanisms of the FDI distribution in Russian food industry companies are discussed. Special econometric tools for this analysis are also proposed. We investigate regional characteristics and the spatial lags (like factor of agglomeration, market potential and others) as determinants of the process. To test the influence of these determinants on the probability to have more than 10% of foreign capital in a company we estimate the hierarchical binary-choice models on a sample of Russian food industry companies (from RUSLANA database, on 2009). According to the results, the hierarchical diffusion of foreign investors is motivated by the seeking of local market and by seeking of the efficiency through lower transportation costs and better investment environment. The local resources in innovations are not significant on this level. When the investors develop new regions they take into account almost all the investigated regional characteristics. The logical complexification of a model allows not only to display the regional heterogeneity but also to determine the regions where the effect of some factors is irregular or more tangible. The development of transport infrastructure of the region and its spatial lag should be pointed out as one of the most substantial effects on the probability to have the FDI.

Keywords: foreign direct investment, прямые иностранные инвестиции, инновационный потенциал, innovation potential, транспортная инфраструктура, transport infrastructure, пищевая промышленность, spatial lags, пространственные лаги, market potential, рыночный потенциал регионов, фактор агломерации, food industry companies, hierarchical binary choice model, factor of agglomeration, иерархическая модель бинарного выбора