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Динамика восприятия межгрупповых противоречий россиянами: смещение приоритетов (2005–2025 гг.)
The aim of the study was to determine the nature of the dynamics of Russians' perception of intergroup conflicts in the period from 2005 to 2025, as well as to assess the specifics of the situation in this area in 2025.
The methodological basis of the study consisted of dynamic, comparative, and correlational analysis. The perception of conflicts was considered as an element of mass consciousness that is important for the consolidation of society.
The main content of the article
Based on data from a number of all-Russian studies conducted by the IS FCTAS RAS for 2005–2025, the article presents an analysis of changes in Russians' attitudes toward contradictions of various natures, as well as the dynamics of attitudes toward them among representatives of the country's mass population during the period under review. The study also demonstrates the influence of subjective assessments of material well-being, territorial and settlement characteristics, and age on the perception of intergroup contradictions.
Results of the research
Despite a more than triple increase in the proportion of the population identifying ideological differences as the most acute over the past two decades, economic conflicts, in particular the antagonism between the rich and the poor, remain dominant among intergroup contradictions in Russia, according to the country's citizens. At the same time, political and administrative conflicts, which traditionally ranked second in terms of perceived severity, will be on par with socio-cultural conflicts by the end of 2025. Nevertheless, it is precisely the gap between the “top” of society (economic and political-administrative elite and sub-elite groups) and the rest of society that is assessed by the majority of citizens as the key internal challenge for modern Russia. The most painful perception of intergroup conflicts is observed among subjectively disadvantaged Russians, residents of metropolitan areas, and people aged 66 and older, while young people aged 18–25 and rural residents demonstrate the calmest assessments. Southern Russia is also characterized by a relatively calmer attitude toward intergroup conflicts than the rest of the country, as well as a softening of the perception of interethnic divisions over the past 20 years.
Research perspectives
Identifying the most problematic areas of Russian society, as perceived by different population groups, can contribute to improving government policy aimed at increasing the cohesion of Russian society and solving the problems of individual social groups.
Key words: social contradictions; consolidation; mass consciousness; intergroup conflicts; social tensions; public consciousness