Влияние неравномерности загрузки ротора измельчителя на производительность машинно-тракторного агрегата при утилизации соломы

Вестник Рязанского государственного агротехнологического университета им. П.А. Костычева. 2026. Т. 18. № 2. С. 87–93.

Богданчиков И. Ю., Юдина А. В., Есенин М. А.

Рroblem and purpose. Existing technologies for utilizing the non-grain portion of the crop (NGC) face the problem of non-uniform feeding of plant mass into the chopping apparatus, which limits the spreading width and productivity of the unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a passive leveling device through the quantitative relationship between the rotor load non-uniformity coefficient (Kн) of the chopper and the integral performance indicators of the machine-tractor unit (MTU). Methodology. The research was conducted in 2024-2025 at the Research and Education Center "Agrotechnopark" of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University. An MTZ-82 tractor equipped with a Kverneland FX 230 chopper was used. A mathematical model was developed to establish the influence of Kн on the operating working width, travel speed, and shift time utilization factor. Experimental verification included tray sampling, GLONASS monitoring, and statistical analysis (Python 3.9). Results. Without the leveling device, the rotor loads non-uniformity coefficient (KН) ranged from 1.8 to 2.2, corresponding to a concentration of 60-65% of the plant mass in the central zone of the chopper rotor. The application of a passive leveling device (120° angle) reduced Kн to 0.5-0.8 and increased the spreading width by 15-20% (up to 2.4 m). Experimental data confirmed an 8-18% increase in MTU productivity depending on the travel speed mode; the integrated assessment based on the developed mathematical model indicates a potential effect of up to 41% due to the complex influence of Kн on the operating working width, travel speed, and shift time utilization factor. Conclusion. Passive swath leveling effectively eliminates rotor load imbalance and increases productivity without significant capital investment. To achieve a target spreading width of 6-7 m, the development of an active system with adaptive parameter control based on Kн feedback is required; the methodological foundation for such a system is provided by the results of this study.

Keywords: productivity, производительность, straw utilization, non-grain part of the crop, rotor loading, passive leveling device, machine-tractor unit, non-uniformity coefficient, утилизация соломы, незерновая часть урожая, загрузка ротора, пассивный разравниватель, коэффициент неравномерности