Власть и бизнес в Средние века: правовые аспекты отношений (опыт Монгольской империи и ее улусов)

Юридическая наука и практика. 2025. Т. 21. № 4. С. 5–18.

Гатин М. С., Pochekaev R. Y., Абзалов Л. Ф., Мустакимов И. А.

The article is an analysis of specific features of relations between the state authorities and merchants in the Mongol Empire and its uluses (Yuan Empire in China, Mongol Iran, Golden Horde, Chaghatay Ulus). The sources of legal regulations of the trade in the Chinggisid uluses are studied. The article contains the first Russian-language publication and interdisciplinary commentary of yarlik (edict) on the appointment of the head of merchants from the treaty “Dastur al-katib” by Muhammad Nakhchivani, the Persian official of the 14th c. The analysis of the document gives an opportu nity to re-construct some legal aspects of relations between authorities and merchant corporations in the Mongol Empire and its uluses. Legal anthropological approach allows to examine the regulation of the trade relations not only as a series of legal acts but also as specific actions and decisions of rulers and representatives of the trade societies of the Oxidant and Orient who interacted with them with taking into account the changes of the economic situation in the proper states and regions.

Keywords: Islamic law, мусульманское право, Золотая Орда, Golden Horde, традиционное право, Монгольская империя, государственное регулирование экономики, Mongol Empire, империя Юань, юридическая антропология, традиционное государство, legal anthropology, State regulation of economy, medieval trade, Mongol Iran, монгольский Иран, Yuan Empire, traditional state and law, средневековая торговля