Article
Роль изобретательства в техническом прогрессе и профессиональном образовании
The importance of inventive work in technical progress and professional education, and also mechanisms of improvement of inventive activity among students are considered.
The formulation of the first scientific theories of the evolution of nature began at least two centuries ago. However, the philosophical roots of evolutionary ideas are much older (see, e.g., Vorontsov 1999; Asmus 2001; Chanyshev 1976, 2001; Barg 1987; Ilyushechkin 1996; Losev 1977; Nisbet 1980). An incipient understanding of the historical dimension of natural processes can already be found among the ancient Greeks (e.g., Heraclitus, Anaximander, Empedocles, etc.). In the late Modern period these ideas strengthened in conjunction with the idea that historical changes in nature can be described with the aid of rigorous laws. This type of thinking created the evolutionary approach in science. However, these ideas penetrated rather slowly in various branches of science. Nevertheless, supported by a growing body of firm evidence, the evolutionary approach became gradually established during this period in geology, cosmology, biology and social sciences.
This new monograph provides a stimulating new take on hotly contested topics in world modernization and the globalizing economy. It begins by situating what is called the Great Divergence--the social/technological revolution that led European nations to outpace the early dominance of Asia--in historical context over centuries. This is contrasted with an equally powerful Great Convergence, the recent economic and technological expansion taking place in Third World nations and characterized by narrowing inequity among nations. They are seen here as two phases of an inevitable global process, centuries in the making, with the potential for both positive and negative results.
This sophisticated presentation examines:
Why the developing world is growing more rapidly than the developed world.
How this development began occurring under the Western world's radar. How former colonies of major powers grew to drive the world's economy. Why so many Western economists have been slow to recognize the Great Convergence. The increasing risk of geopolitical instability. Why the world is likely to find itself without an absolute leader after the end of the American hegemonyA work of rare scope, Great Divergence and Great Convergence gives sociologists, global economists, demographers, and global historians a deeper understanding of the broader movement of social and economic history, combined with a long view of history as it is currently being made; it also offers some thrilling forecasts for global development in the forthcoming decades.
There is being carried out in the country a reform of the sector of public and municipal institutions which involves the transition to three main types of institutions: state-owned (public), independent (autonomous) and budget-funded. This reform is realized in accordance with the Federal law N o 83-FZ “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation in view of improvement of the legal status of public (municipal) institutions”. The article considers the main provisions of the reform and the peculiarities of its implementation in the professional education institutions.
Problems of professional education in Russia are examineted
The monograph is devoted to the issues of building an effective model of corporate system of education in the human resources management of the modern organization. The paper discusses the features of professional education and training at the local level, analyzes the key trends in the development of corporate learning systems segment of the Russian economy, as well as the most successful practices to improve the effectiveness of learning and development system. The author conducted a comprehensive analysis of the management and legal system of corporate learning systems, with special attention paid to the protection of employer investments in training and development.
The article is devoted to the problem of transport services export. The authors of the article offer the technique of the transport services advancement system potential estimation. The technique includes the indicator of GDP growth as a result ofrise in export of the transport services. The priority and perspective markets for export of Russian transport services are allocated.