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Actual problems of the tax law in BRICS: comparative characteris-tic of tax control in Russia and China
Тhe objects of the tax control in Russia and China are the same. But the instruments used by these countries are different.
At first In China the tax control is more extensive. Secondly the responsibility in China is more strict than in Russia.
At the same time notions and theory of tax control seems to be more developed in Russia. Russian legislation is codified. However it’s much less effective even if in Russia there are much more instruments of tax control.
As the result in the perspective of BRICS on the first steps of its creation we can adopt the strongest features of the other BRICS countries to improve the law systems.
Автор квалифицирует получение налоговой выгоды в результате отношений с недобросовестным контрагентом как злоупотребление субъективным правом. Критерием злоупотребления выступает неосмотрительность налогоплательщика. Неосмотрительность может иметь место и в случае реальности хозяйственной операции.
Beer was the drink of choice in many ancient societies and throughout the past centuries in large parts of the world. Right now, it is globally by far the most important alcoholic drink, in volume and value terms. The largest brewing companies have developed into global multinationals. The beer market is characterized by strong growth in emerging economies, by a substantial decline of (per capita) beer consumption in traditional markets, and a shift to new products. There has been a strong interaction between governments (politics) and markets (economics) in the beer industry. For centuries, taxes on beer or its raw materials were a major source of tax revenue for governments. Governments have also regulated the beer industry for reasons related to quality, health, and competition. The beer market is not only an interesting sector to study in itself but also yields important general economic insights. This book is the first economic analysis of the beer market and brewing industry. It comprises a comprehensive and unique set of economic research and analysis on the economics of beer and brewing. The various chapters cover economic history and development, demand and supply, trade and investment, geography and scale economies, technology and innovation, health and nutrition, quantity and quality, industrial organization and competition, taxation and regulation, and regional beer market developments.
Рассмотрена характеристика налога как экономико-правовой категории, формирование каналов денежных средств в налогообложении, а также взаимосвязь налогов с доходной частью бюджета (кривая Лаффера).
Статья посвящена одному из самых сложных вопросов теории налогового права. Автором раскрывается само понятие "юридическая конструкция налогов", анализируются составляющие ее элементы. В статье также уделяется внимание анализу и отграничению смежных понятий и схожих понятий, таких как "элементы налогообложения" и т.д.
From a practical perspective, any fiscal system used in the world falls into either of the two major categories: concessions (also widely known as a royalty + taxes or R + T) and contracts (also referred to as production sharing agreements or PSA).
Each system has multiple types and variations, and some of them use their own specific terminology as a result of certain conceptual, historical, and geographic variances. However, the difference in concepts boils down merely to a difference in the choice of words to describe very similar economic processes. Their most significant differences could be tracked in the legal sphere because the acquisition of ownership right by mineral producers to their mineral production is a highly indicative factor. However, from the economic perspective, specifically, in terms of cash flow generation associated with each individual system, those differences appear noncritical. Below follows a flowchart of basic equations in a typical R + T tax system. ...
В предлагаемый вниманию читателей сборник включены доклады и выступления, представленные для участия в международной конференции «Эволюция международной торговой системы: проблемы и перспективы – 2015», состоявшейся в Санкт-Петербурге 29 – 30 октября 2015 г.
В монографии исследуется закон как источник налогового права и основной нормативно-правовой регулятор налоговых отношений. Проанализировано место закона в системе источников объективного налогового права и выявлены принципы законотворческой процедуры, используемой при принятии налоговых законов. Особое внимание уделено систематизации актов налогового законодательства. Использован сравнительно-правовой метод, позволяющий охарактеризовать закон в качестве источника регулирования налоговых отношений в компаративном налоговом праве.
Монография подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РГНФ (проект № 15-03-00745а, 2015-2016).