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Трансформация понимания сущности данных в условиях развития информационного общества
Purpose: The presented article is devoted to the consideration of the transformation of data understanding in scientific knowledge, the philosophy of science, the impact on the understanding of the essence of data of recent technological changes. It is noted that in order to understand the new phenomena that arise in the era of Industry 4.0., For example, big data, it is necessary to understand the generic concept of data. Methods: Methods of both empirical (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization) and theoretical (methods of constructing and researching the object of study and methods of constructing and justifying theoretical knowledge) levels were used in the work. Results: The article presents an analysis of existing theories of understanding the essence of data. The author draws attention to various aspects of understanding data in the philosophy of information, the philosophy of technology, the field of semiotics, logical positivism and falsificationism, data existentialism. The technical, realistic, nominalistic, socially structured concepts of data, as well as objective, subjective and mixed theories are considered. The author draws a conclusion about the transformation of the essence of data in the era of the information society, the understanding of data in connection with the development of Big Data technology. It is noted that according to the modern philosophical concept, data is obtained from the results of cognitive activity, observations, measurements, and they allow characterizing phenomena and things, moreover, data is necessary to understand the essence of things. Already now they are talking about a new interdisciplinary direction - the philosophy of data, which will include the history of science, philosophy of science, sociology, ethics, semiotics, philosophy of technology, philosophy of information systems, information theory, as well as individual sciences.