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Mechanisms of Low-Temperature Processes of Biomass Conversion (A Review)
Petroleum Chemistry. 2023. Vol. 63. No. 6. P. 633–647.
Torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization are low-temperature thermochemical procedures for the
biomass conversion to biocoal, a carbon-neutral analog of fossil coal. Biocoals, compared to untreated biomass,
exhibit hydrophobic properties, increased energy density, and calorific value similar to that of brown coals. The
two processing methods differ essentially in that hydrothermal carbonization is performed in the presence of a
large amount of water as reaction medium; hence, the biocoal formation mechanisms will be different for each
process. Papers dealing with specific features of low-temperature heat treatment of biomass and with regular trends
in conversion of biomass structural components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) in the course of torrefaction and
hydrothermal carbonization are considered in the review.
Budkov Y., Journal of Chemical Physics 2026 Vol. 165 No. 9 Article 094902
We derive the stress tensor of a flexible polymer solution within the Gaussian-chain self-consistent field theory (SCFT) without invoking the ground-state dominance (GSD) approximation. Starting from a covariant formulation of the single-chain partition function in a background metric, we obtain the symmetric stress tensor expressed through the full Edwards propagators. The result contains the local ...
Added: September 2, 2026
Belousov Y., Кискин М. А., Sidoruk A. et al., Australian Journal of Chemistry 2022 Vol. 75 No. 9 P. 572–580
Four new complexes [Ln(pfaa)3(H2O)2]n (Ln = Eu (1), Tb (2)) and [Ln2Cd2(pfaa)10 (phen)2(EtOH)2]·2MeCN (Ln = Eu (3), Tb (4), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) based on pentaphorphenylacetic acid (Hpfaa) have been prepared and completely investigated. The structures of compounds 1 and 3 were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis: the isostructural complexes 1 and 2 represent ...
Added: August 26, 2026
Mazur D., Petr E. Brandyshev, Doronin S. et al., Electrochimica Acta 2026 Vol. 577 Article 149729
The electric double layer (EDL) at a single-crystal metal surface is controlled not only by the electrolyte composition and the electrode potential, but also by the atomic structure of the surface itself. This makes the Ag(hkl)/NaF interface a stringent test for continuum theories of the EDL. In the third part of our series, we examine ...
Added: August 20, 2026
Budkov Y., Kalikin N., Journal of Chemical Physics 2026 Vol. 165 Article 064506
A self-consistent statistical-mechanical theory of the Hall effect in electrolyte solutions is developed by extending the self-consistent Debye–Hückel–Onsager (SCDHO) framework to crossed electric and magnetic fields. The theory incorporates non-local ionic charge distributions via Slater-type form factors, regularizing the Coulomb interaction at short range, and accounts for dielectric friction through ion-specific coefficients, employing experimental values ...
Added: August 12, 2026
Novikov A., New Journal of Chemistry 2026 Vol. 50 P. 13931–13957
The rational design of coinage metal nanocarriers requires a mechanistic understanding of metal-drug binding and predictive descriptors that translate molecular interactions into design rules. Using DFT (B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-TZVP, SMD water), we systematically investigated the binding of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and levodopa (l-DOPA) to neutral and cationic homo- and heteronuclear dimers of Au, Ag, and Cu (Au2, Ag2, ...
Added: August 12, 2026
Tsydypova M., Современные проблемы дистанционного зондирования Земли из космоса 2026 Т. 23 № 3 С. 263–275
The article presents a methodology for mapping coniferous forest decline, based on the integration of automated remote sensing data interpretation techniques, vegetation indices, remote sensing data on above-ground biomass (Biomass CCI (Climate Change Initiative)), and materials from ground-based forest pathology surveys using forests of the Khamar-Daban ridge (Republic of Buryatia) as a case study. The ...
Added: August 9, 2026
Voropaeva D., S. Novikova, I. Stenina et al., Solid State Ionics 2026 Vol. 445 Article 117288
Composite gel polymer electrolytes based on a perfluorinated sulfonic acid cation-exchange MF-4SC membrane
containing surface-sulfonated nanoparticles of aluminum oxide, cerium (IV) oxide, and titanium oxide (sAl2O3,
sCeO2, and sTiO2, respectively) were prepared by casting from a dispersion in N,N-dimethylformamide and
plasticized with a 1,3-dioxolane/1,2-dimethoxyethane mixture. The influence of the filler nature on ionic conductivity,
solvent uptake, activation energy, lithium ...
Added: July 30, 2026
Korogod D., Shapeev A., Ivan S. Novikov, Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 2026 Vol. 114 No. 2 Article 024104
We present two models with explicit long-range electrostatics in the form of Coulomb interactions. Both models include point charges depending on their local atomic environments, and the second model also conserves a total charge of an atomic system. We combine the proposed long-range models with the local moment tensor potential (MTP) and demonstrate that they ...
Added: July 22, 2026
Moshkina E., Molokeev M., Zolotov A. et al., Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2026 Vol. 1077 Article 189412
A wide series of substitutions in a subsystem of small radii cations M = Al, Cr, Fe, Ga, Sc is possible in rare-earth borates ReM3(BO3)4 with the huntite structure. However, the existence of these compounds where M = Mn still raises doubts. The study presents a synthetic approach developed in the framework of the flux method allowing for the required ...
Added: June 29, 2026
Schneider M., Zaripov D., Dokin R. et al., Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 2026 Vol. 22 No. 9 P. 4405–4414
Density functional theory (DFT) is the workhorse of modern reactions and materials modeling. While the exact functional remains unknown, many approximations to it have been constructed either by hand-crafting functional forms to satisfy exact constraints or by machine learning. In this work, we show how both of these approaches can be fused to build both ...
Added: June 26, 2026
Laurinavichyute V., Levin E. E., Mironkova A. A. et al., Surfaces and Interfaces 2026 Vol. 81 Article 108389
In this work we characterize mixed Mo-W acidic deposition solutions with Mo content ranging from 0 to 100 mol.% by Raman and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The obtained distribution diagram of mixed isopolyanions allows one to explain the observed change in film deposition rate with increase in Mo content. It was found that the initial decrease in ...
Added: June 24, 2026
Filippova A. V., Yurchenko N. Y., Smirnov S. A. et al., Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2026 No. 1074 Article 189162
This study investigates the effects of post-processing heat treatment at 300–500 °C on the microstructure, hardness, and tensile properties of laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processed Al-bronze processed with energy densities (ED) in the range of 125–938 J/mm3. In the as-printed state, sharp needle-like α + β′ laths form at lower ED whereas with increasing ED, the β′ ...
Added: June 12, 2026
Obijiofor O., Novikov A., New Journal of Chemistry 2026 Vol. 50 No. 23 P. 9749–9768
Rational design of gold-based nanocarriers for neurotherapeutics requires atomic-scale understanding of drug-material interactions. Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate levodopa (L-DOPA) adsorption on small gold clusters (Au2–Au4) with cationic, neutral, and anionic charges, with additional validation on a larger Au10 cluster using multiple low-energy isomers. Binding free energies (ΔGbind), charge transfer, and electronic descriptors ...
Added: June 3, 2026
Das A., Saikia J., Maji N. et al., ChemNanoMat 2026 Vol. 12 No. 5 Article e202500733
Developing efficient photoactive materials from bio-derived resources is vital yet challenging for achieving effective water splitting performance. In this work, nano carbon dots (CDs) of zero-dimensional (0D) were synthesized from papaya peel through a simple and eco-friendly process and subsequently anchored onto the two-dimensional (2D) layered structure of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, GCN) at various ...
Added: June 2, 2026
Wary R. R., Mahato B., Sharma N. et al., The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2026 Vol. 17 No. 17 P. 5099–5107
Development of heterojunction materials is an efficient approach for enhancing photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical processes. We develop a ZnO/CuO heterojunction via Cu doping into a ZnO matrix. Structural characterization confirmed that Cu was effectively incorporated into ZnO without any structural changes. The improved optical properties and reduced charge carrier recombination of the doped samples were confirmed ...
Added: June 2, 2026
Ostovari Moghaddam A., Mehrabi-Kalajahi S., Hossein Vasigh S. A. et al., The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2026 Vol. 17 No. 13 P. 3978–3985
Water electrolysis is a key technology for sustainable energy conversion and hydrogen generation. Recently, high-entropy oxides (HEOs) have emerged as promising materials because they allow tuning of structural, electronic, and catalytic properties in multifunctional systems. Here, we report the synthesis of a multicomponent La(FeCoCuTiNiMnMgSnZn)O3 perovskite, and its hybridization with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form a ...
Added: June 1, 2026
Долгова Е. А., Бушуева И. С., Бичурин Р. Р. et al., Известия РАН. Серия географическая 2025 Т. 89 № 5 С. 828–842
In this study, the results of tree-ring based biomass reconstruction as well as carbon uptake of Kamchatka forest stands are presented. Up till now, there are no biomass instrumental measurements available for the Kamchatka Peninsula that could be used to develop species-specific regional allometric models. The problem of lack of data was solved by using ...
Added: February 12, 2026
Exploration of upgrading of biomass and its paradigmatic synthesis: Future scope for biogas exertion
Awasthi M. K., Rajendran K., Vigneswaran V. S. et al., Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 2024 Vol. 38 Article 101450
Natural gas is extracted from the subsoil which is not a renewable source, however, the dominance of this product in the international market is significantly higher in future. It reflects the global view of renewable sources (biogas) and hinders the sustainable development of bioenergy. It describes the major issues and trends in the development of ...
Added: February 19, 2025
Krylova A. Y., Krysanova K. O., Kulikova M. V. et al., Energies 2021 Vol. 14 No. 18 Article 5890
The production of fuel hydrocarbons from CO2-neutral raw materials is a promising task at present. The thermal dissolution of biochar obtained by the method of hydrothermal carbonization of sawdust was studied. The dissolution of biochar in tetralin (hydrogen donor solvent) was studied at different temperatures (350–450 °C) and with two types of dilution of the ...
Added: June 25, 2024
Kulikova M. V., Krysanova K. O., Krylova A. Y. et al., Solid Fuel Chemistry 2022 Vol. 56 No. 4 P. 271–275
The inf luence of the thermophysical characteristics of biochars obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of peat on the yield and composition of producer gas in the course of its steam–air gasification was
studied. It was established that an increase in the temperature of hydrothermal treatment of peat facilitated
not only an increase in the yield of gas but ...
Added: June 25, 2024
Biochar characteristics produced via hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction of peat and sawdust
Krysanova K. O., Krylova A. Y., Kulikova M. V. et al., Fuel 2022 Vol. 328 Article 125220
Biochars made by hydrothermal carbonization and torrefaction of sawdust and peat in a wide temperature
range have been studied. A comparative evaluation of the properties of the resulting materials was carried
out by the following methods: elemental analysis, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, TG/TGA, SEM, Fluorescence
analysis, BET. It has been established that hydrothermal carbonization has a greater effect on ...
Added: June 25, 2024
Osipov A. K., Kulikova M. V., Kuz’min A. E. et al., Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 2023 Vol. 96 No. 4 P. 494–501
The equilibrium parameters of steam isobutanol reforming were calculated. These include the H2 yield,
selectivity with respect to carbon-containing gases, and feed conversion. The calculated data, on the whole, agree
with the published data and experimental values of the isobutanol conversion and yield of isobutyraldehyde and
higher alkanes on Ni–Co catalysts supported on biochars prepared by hydrothermal carbonization ...
Added: June 25, 2024
Аксенов О. И., Fuks A., Абросимова Г. Е. et al., Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования 2023 № 9 С. 11–17
The bulk-inhomogeneous crystallization of amorphous microwires of composition Fe73.8Cu1Nb3.1B9.1Si13 has been studied. An assumption was put forward about the influence of the non-uniform distribution of tensile and compressive stresses in the bulk of microwires on their crystallization. It has been established that at the initial stages of crystallization the crystallization occurs in the near-surface region ...
Added: September 26, 2023
Tishkov A. A., A. N. Krenke, Titova S. V. et al., Doklady Earth Sciences 2021 Vol. 497 No. 2 P. 348–353
Changes in the phytomass of the ecosystems of Northern Eurasia were traced based on the results of modeling and analysis of multispectral satellite imagery (MODIS archives 2000-2020). It was established that, since the end of the 20th century, an increase in reserves has been noted caused by climate change (an increase in the concentration of ...
Added: December 12, 2022