Germanium–Cobalt–Indium Nanostructures as Anodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Room- and Low-Temperature Performance

Batteries. 2023. Vol. 9. No. 9. Article 445.

Gavrilov S., Gavrilin I., Martynova I., Kulova T., Kovtushenko E., Skundin A., Poliakov M., Volkova L., Svetlana A. Novikova

Germanium–cobalt–indium nanostructures were synthesized via cathodic electrodeposition
from aqueous complex solutions of Ge (IV) and Co (II) with drop-like indium crystallization centers.
This approach features simplicity, avoids heating and allows using cheaper GeO2 instead of pure
Ge as starting material. Further, in this case, target nanostructures grow directly upon the substrate.
Various analytical methods (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and
X-ray diffraction) were used for characterization of the nanostructures under study. The samples
obtained consist of an array of globular particles of 200 to 800 nm, with nanowires in between. The
globules, in turn, contain primary particles of 5 to 10 nm consisting of cobalt, germanium and oxygen.
Nanowires consist of germanium and indium. The electrochemical properties of the above-mentioned
nanostructures were assessed with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. The germanium–
cobalt–indium nanostructures are characterized by a high specific capacity upon lithium insertion,
which is approximately 1350 mAh/g at C/8, and a high Coulomb cycling efficiency in the first cycle
(approximately 0.76). Germanium–cobalt–indium nanostructures show the ability to operate at high
rates up to 16 C at a wide temperature range from +20 to 􀀀35 C.

Keywords: Anode materials, germanium, германий, lithium-ion batteries, cobalt, кобальт, литий-ионный аккумулятор, анодный материал, indium, cyclability, индий, циклирование