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Столыпинский переселенец на Кавказе (1908-1914): некоторые особенности
The article examines some features of Stolypin agrarian reform in the Caucasus (1908-1914 years). The attention is paid to the colonization of the Mugan steppe, the creation of Russian emigrant settlements, and the organization of medical care. The published documents from the Complete Collection of laws of the Russian Empire (for example, the law of May 29, 1911 No. 35370 on land management), as well as materials of the periodical press - “Kavkazskii kalendar” and the publication “Voprosy kolonizatsii” were used as a source in the work. The work is based on general historical principles: historicism, consistency and objectivity. The chronological method is of great importance in the work, which allowed creating a general picture of the resettlement of Russian people to the Caucasus, identifying local problems of interaction with the outside world (epidemiological situation, problems of land use). The statistical method was also used, thanks to which the authors were able to summarize a significant statistical material and draw the reasoned conclusions. In conclusion, the authors state that by the beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform, there was practically no free land left in the Caucasus and the government followed the path of irrigation of the steppe territories at the disposal of the state treasury. Russian settlers were transported to the territory of the Mugan steppe in a short time, and by the end of the colonization of this part of the Caucasus, the Russian population was supposed to be up to 100 thousand people. Along with the resettlement, the government took steps to financially support the displaced persons, which consisted in direct investments to acquire a farm, providing agronomic assistance, as well as organizing spiritual, moral and sanitary support. All this as a whole made it possible to lay a solid foundation for Russian influence in some regions of the Caucasus and partially alleviate the landless situation of the Russian peasants in the European part of the Russian Empire.