Солидарные и конкурирующие обязательства в аргентинском праве: какой урок из этого противопоставления может извлечь российский юрист?

Вестник гражданского права. 2022. Т. 22. № 2. С. 197–239.

Borja S.

On the basis of the provisions of the Argentinean legislation and doctrinal sources, the categories of solidary and concurrent obligations are investigated. The concepts are defined, and their features are established. It is substantiated that there is an intersection relationship between solidary and concurrent obligations and the delimitation of the scope of application thereof can be determined by means of the criterion of coincidence or difference of causes, by virtue of which several debtors are liable to a common creditor. The basis of the study is an analysis of the regulation of solidary and concurrent obligations in the new Civil and Commercial Code of Argentina, culminating in pointing out similarities and differences in the legal status of solidary and concurrent debtors. It is concluded that solidary and concurrent obligations are ontologically two different legal phenomena, differences in nature and possible regulation thereof exist objectively, regardless of the position of national legislators. At the same time, criticizing the Argentinian approach to the definition of concurrent obligations, the author demonstrates that not only the debts of several debtors to a common creditor but also the claims of several creditors to a common debtor can be concurrent and the way of coordination thereof may differ from solidarity.

Keywords: солидарность, solidarity, солидарные обязательства, solidary obligations, plurality of persons in an obligation, obligations in solidum, concurrent obligations, concurrence of obligations, множественность лиц в обязательстве, обязательства in solidum, конкурирующие обязательства, конкуренция обязательств