Труд Кятиба Челеби «Джиханнюма» («Описание мира») как источник по изучению истории и географии Западного Кавказа

Исторический журнал: научные исследования. 2018. № 5. С. 8–18.

Chedia A.

The subject of research in this article is the methods of the policy of the Ottoman Empire (in particular, the donation of pishkesh) in the Western Caucasus in the first third of the 19th century. In the face of fears associated with the loss of the region, the Ottoman Empire activates various methods of its policy. Giving pishkesh- (gift, bribe) was also used in previous periods, but in the first third of the 19th century. it was full scale. The Ottomans tried by all means to keep numerous ethnic groups of the population of the Western Caucasus in their sphere of influence, using gift giving both to representatives of the upper class (princes, nobles) and to the uzdens and peasants. When writing the article, an analysis and generalization of the methods of the policy of the Ottoman Empire in the Western Caucasus was carried out. When translating an archival document, the author uses the main theoretical and practical methods of historical research. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, both in domestic and foreign historiography, such a method of the policy of the Ottoman Empire as giving pishkesh gifts is practically not affected. For the first time, a previously unpublished document from the Ottoman archive of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey is introduced into scientific circulation, in which we find valuable information about this practice.

 

Keywords: империя, the Western Caucasus, the Ottoman empire, Circum-Pontic region, piracy, abkhazians, circassian