Город-университет и государство-университет: методологический инструментарий Уильяма Кларка

Высшее образование в России. 2022. Т. 31. № 5. С. 83–101.

Pichugina V., Лурье З. А.

William Clark's methodological tools applied to the study of the history and philosophy of higher education are presented in a series of articles 1996-2003 and especially in his book «Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University» (2006). The last was a   result of long and accurate of work within the framework of many areas of research, most of which have just been forming as academic fields. The author set an ambitious task to examine evolution of academic practice (mainly German) as a process of bureaucratization and capitalization of education seen on general and specific layers through the prism of academic charisma. Considering it as one of the types of legitimate dominance in the scientific world, W. Clark seems to describe a scholar not in three spatial coordinates (of which he talks in the introduction), but in four: religion, politics, economics, and state/city. The last allows Clark to mark on the educational landscape of the city of universities that accept or reject certain methods of transferring academic charisma. Another key issue, that is of high interest to the researcher, is the question of the gradual suppression of oral culture by writing, in other words, how “say and be” (an aphorism invented by the authors of this review) turned into “print or disappear” (aphorism, cited many times by the author of the book). This question includes a number of others, which we point out below when analyzing the academic space, which, in the author’s mind, is broken up, collected and broken up again into fragments of tables, catalogues, lists, statutes, tables, graphs, reports, questionnaires, dossiers, etc. Despite the fact that the translation of William Clark's book into Russian was carried out in 2017, the methodology proposed by him is undeservedly little known to the researchers of higher education and, in general, has not received fundamental review in the scientific tradition. Its main provisions would be outlined in the framework of this article.

Keywords: Макс Вебер, Мишель Фуко, харизма, образовательное пространство, Michel Foucault, Max Weber, educational space, history of higher education, иезуиты, история высшего образования, Jesuits, протестанты, Protestants, charisma, academic charisma, William Clarke, Oxbridge, university city, академическая харизма, Уильям Кларк, Оксбридж, город-университет