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Международный и российский опыт в сфере обращения с отходами тары и упаковки
In Russia and in many countries of the world, a significant part of waste, including containers and packaging, is disposed of through burial. This process is accompanied by numerous violations of environmental requirements, and is a global problem, which requires the consolidation of efforts of government agencies, producers and consumers. Purpose of the article: analysis of international practice for the disposal of returnable containers and packaging and its comparison with the situation in the Russian Federation. The paper analyzes the problems associated with state policy in the field of solid waste management. The materials used were open data of statistical observations of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and Eurostat, sources of legal, regulatory and scientific literature. Based on the analysis, practices and scientific research on logistics, recycling of returnable containers and packaging are summarized. It is shown that the share of recycled containers and packaging in the EU countries reaches 40-70% of the total weight. Along with this, the EU countries and the USA are improving the directive requirements for suppliers and manufacturers of containers and packaging, the role of public institutions in the context of state policy of increasing environmental responsibility, in terms of the consolidation of the Baltic region countries, in order to solve the problems caused by the ingress of microplastics into the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea ... For Russia, the problems of disposal of returnable containers and packaging are caused by the practice of the post-Soviet period, when the mechanisms of separate waste collection were lost. The level of waste recycling in the Russian Federation does not exceed 7% (of which plastic waste, according to various estimates, from 7 to 15%). It is obvious that the absence in the Russian Federation of scientific research with a high applied effect, including marketing, recycling, packaging and packaging logistics, has led to a sharp slowdown in the course of the reform on the management of municipal solid waste and, in particular, the disposal of plastic packaging and returnable packaging, despite the adoption of the “expanded producer responsibility ".