LOOKING IN THE REAR-VIEW MIRROR: A THIRTY-FIVE YEAR RETROSPECTIVE ON THE RUSSIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

2021. No. 64.

Gurkov I. B., Morley M.

Drawing on foundational arguments from the literature on emerging market institutional strategies, and employing a realist historical analysis, we present a retrospective on the Russian automotive industry. We begin by tracing the origins of the sector and synthesizing salient post World War II developments. We then recount the subsequent expansionary decade of the 1960s, followed by the stagnation of the late 1980s, culminating in the eventual collapse of socialism and the breakup of the USSR. Attracted by both the rapid growth in the local market, and the preferential tax rates that accompanied investments, we then document the swift expansion of production facilities in Russia by major global manufacturers in the 2000s. We show how eventually an ensuing sharp halt in local market growth, and an accompanying rise in spare production capacity, saw most manufacturers pursue institutional strategies aimed at obtaining new tax concessions and leveraging intra-industry cooperation, rather than divesting their recently established production facilities. Overall, our retrospective, in particular, calls attention to how global manufacturers were able not only to acquire and rejuvenate existing production facilities or install new greenfield ones, but also to exercise their agency in shaping the broader policy framework and in fashioning new sectoral institutions designed to buttress and sustain the industry.

Keywords: переходная экономика, foreign direct investment, прямые иностранные инвестиции, transition economy, historical analysis, Russian automotive industry, российская автомобильная промышленность, institutional strategy, intra-industry cooperation, институциональная стратегия, внутриотраслевая кооперация

Publication based on the results of: ­­­Forms and Methods of Development of Manufacturing Facilities by Multinational Corporations in Russia (2020)