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Natura & Cultura: два вектора развития человека
The article deals with two vectors of human development, supported by two
mental “poles” – the social imago responsible for socialization, and the essence
responsible for authentication. In contact with these “poles” the authentic centre
of initiatives of a man generates a process of personalization / individualization
and personification / individuation, shaping individuality and individity,
respectively. Within this theoretical framework, usually opposed psychological
theories and research traditions are correlated and integrated to a certain extent.
Traditionally, Russian academic (theoretical) psychology considered only half of
this scheme (socialization – individualization) as the only existing one. However,
modern domestic psychology exists now also as a practical psychology and, in
particular, as psychotherapy. As such a psychological practice, she has to deal with
a variety of complex mental phenomena of individual life, which do not fit into the
academic worldview schemes and from which it can not be abstracted. But it was
within the framework of world psychotherapy that there was an understanding
that excessive emphasis on “others”, on “society” is not so much the only possible
way of human development, but is the way of its neurotization. As theoretical
foundations of the considered two vectors of human development (nature and
culture) the article presents the person-centered (natural-ahistorical) approach of
K. Rogers and the cultural-historical conception of L. Vygotsky. The scheme itself
is concretized by culturological and psychological-psychotherapeutic material.
Two vectors of development can be represented by different speech styles,
levels of self-acceptance, types of self-relation and self-expression. A specific
empirical personality is, as a rule, the result of simultaneous human development
in accordance with two given vectors, it is a set of characteristics of individuality
and individity. Awareness of this fact can serve as a basis for self-exploration and
personal choice of the trajectory of further development either as a conscious
personalization or as a conscious personification.
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