?
Закон РФ «о беженцах» и принцип недопустимости принудительного возвращения. Анализ через призму европейского суда по правам человека
The issue of migration is extremely important for Russia. According to the latest UNHCR data, 210,389 people applied for international or temporary protection in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2017. Since 1990, migration flows are reduced, but in 2014-2016 significant peaks were noted in connection with the crisis in Ukraine. At that time, about 1 million Ukrainian citizens applied for asylum or some other type of legal stay in the Russian Federation. The current migration emergency in Russia, however, is associated not only with a massive influx of Ukrainians, but also refugees and asylum seekers from areas of military operations in Syria and Afghanistan, as well as with authoritarian regimes such as Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. The latter, unlike the citizens of Ukraine, have some difficulties with the asylum procedure and recognition of their status. Despite the fact that the Russian Federation ratified the 1951 Convention on Refugees and adopted specific resolutions to determine the material and procedural rights of refugees and asylum-seekers, the current law has several regulatory shortcomings contrary to international legal and regional human rights obligations and takes into account the principle of nonrefoulement. In addition, the law is often incorrectly applied, leading to confusion, misunderstanding and, as a result, expulsion. The shortcomings of the Russian system of international protection were repeatedly noted by the European Court of Human Rights, the practice of which in recent years has contributed to the openness of legal proceedings in the country.