Взгляды арабо-мусульманских мыслителей на исламскую государственность

Юридический вестник ДГУ. 2018. № 3. С. 34–40.

Magomedov K. A.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Middle Ages Muslim thinkers’ views on statehood. The contents of the works of such thinkers as Al-Mawardi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Sina and Ibn Khaldun are briefly disclosed. Their views are divided into three areas: the concept of an ideal Islamic state, together with the history of the Caliphate and the foundations of Islam (Al-Mawardi), the theory of representatives of Arab-Muslim peripatetism (Al-Farabi, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Sina), the historical sociological approach to the state (Ibn Khaldun). The article notes the common features of views on the state of these authors both among themselves and with ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato. The formation of the set of approaches to the concept of the authority is caused by the absence of precise criteria for the form and structure of the state in the sacred Islamic texts. In this regard, the investigation of the views of various thinkers of the Middle Ages during the period of the preservation of the single Arab caliphate is of special interest. Despite the utopian views of these thinkers, some aspects of their theories were quite realistic and were implemented in the practice of the Arab Caliphate. In addition to that, the works of these scientists contributed to the science of the state and law in general, and for a long time played the role of manuals for rulers.

Keywords: Islam, state, Шариат, shariah, Халифат, Ислам, государство как правовой феномен, Imamat, имамат, Arab-Muslim peripatetic, Khalifah, арабо-мусульманский перипатетизм