Что препятствует участию университетов в создании технологий двойного назначения?

Форсайт. 2017. Т. 11. № 4. С. 84–95.

Kuzyk M., Grebenyuk A. Y., Какаева Е. А., Манченко Е. В., Довгий В. И.

Modern universities play a significant role, and in some countries, a critical role in research and development (R&D) on a wide variety of topics, often they concern national security. US university science is an illustrative example in this regard, it is an important source of knowledge and technology for military departments and its industrial counterparts. However, even with the large number of theoretical and empirical studies focusing on different aspects of university research innovation activities, so far, the problems of the development of military or dual-use technologies by universities has been poorly covered in economic literature.

In this article, the specifics of university science participation in defense research and development is examined using the example of the Russian higher education institutes. It is shown that Russian universities are poorly involved in defense-related activities. Based on data from a sample survey of 80 universities, and the analysis of certain public policies on science and innovation, the authors concluded that higher education institutions have considerable potential for performing R&D activities for the defense industry. The actual problems and obstacles impeding the development of university research activities in the interests of the defense industry are identified, including the traditional focus of industrial companies on their own research divisions and sectoral research institutes and design bureaus, weak information about the current opportunities and achievements of university science, and the inadequate activity of universities in promoting their own research competencies and an image of advanced R&D centers. Possible ways of solving the existing problems are put forward for consideration.

Keywords: оборонно-промышленный комплекс, университетская наука, research and development, defense industry, University science, приоритеты научно-технологического развития, государственный оборонный заказ, science and technology priorities, higher education, university-industry collaboration, dual-purpose technology, сектор высшего образования, исследования и разработки специального и двойного назначения